africa 1-1.kmz

africa

Egypt

Mts.

Delta
My thinking: Many of the deltas & promontory's built today, aren't necessarily the same as those in ancient times, but the ancient ones are probably where the silted flatlands today are, which the river since abandoned, and transferred its course to more recently fill in what, back in that day, was empty ocean. Over time, the ancient promontories would've been rounded off by ocean-currents.
=== Sequence of Mouths ===
§. 10. Νείλου στόματα ἑπτά.
Ηρακλεωτικὸν στόμα,
τὸ καὶ Κανωβικόν
Herakleotikon mouth,
and also Kanobikon
60+5/6
31+1/12
Βολβίτινον στόμα | Bolbitinon mouth | 61+1/4 | 31+1/12
Σεβεννυτικόν | Sebennutikon | 61+1/2 | 31+1/12
Πινέπτιμι ψευδόστομον | Pineptimi false-mouth | 61+3/4 | 31+1/6
Δίολκος ψευδόστομον | Diolkos false-mouth | 62+1/6 | 31+1/6
Παθμητικὸν στόμα | Pathmetikon mouth | 62+1/2 | 31+1/6
Μενδήσιον στόμα | Mendesion mouth | 62+3/4 | 31+1/4
Τανιτικὸν στόμα | Tanitikon mouth | 63 | 31+1/4
Πηλουσιακὸν στόμα | Pelousiakon mouth | 63+1/4 | 31+1/4
Πηλούσιον πόλις | Pelousion city | 63+1/4 | 31+1/4
=== Sequence of Parallel Rivers (color coded to their mouths) ===
ὅθεν ὅ τε Βουτικὸς* ποταμὸς καὶ ὁ ἐφεξῆς κατὰ παράλληλόν πως τῇ παραλίῳ έσιν ἐπιζευγνύουσι τόν τε Θερμουθιακὸν ( ἢ Φερμουθιακόν) καὶ ᾿Αθριβιτικόν καὶ Βουσιριτικόν καὶ Βουβαστιακόν ·
ὅthen hὅ te Boutikὸs* potamὸs kaὶ hὁ efexes katὰ parάllilόn pos te paralίo esin epizeugnύousi tόn te THermouthiakὸn (he Fermouthiakόn) kaὶ ᾿Athribitikόn kaὶ Bousiritikόn kaὶ Boubastiakόn ·
But from whence indeed [comes] the Boutikos* river, also sequentially there is the -- in layout, as parallel to parallel -- connected to it, additionally the Thermouthiac (or Fermouthiac), and Athribitic kaὶ, Bousiritic kaὶ, Boubastiac.
*Boutikὸs is probably either an alternate name for, or a side branch of the Talu river. It is probably named for the city of Boutios / Buto, which it presumably passes through.

Rivers

Unclaimed Sea
My thinking: Many of the deltas & promontory's built today, aren't necessarily the same as those in ancient times, but the ancient ones are probably where the silted flatlands today are, which the river since abandoned, and transferred its course to more recently fill in what, back in that day, was empty ocean. Over time, the ancient promontories would've been rounded off by ocean-currents.
=== Sequence of Mouths ===
§. 10. Νείλου στόματα ἑπτά.
Ηρακλεωτικὸν στόμα,
τὸ καὶ Κανωβικόν
Herakleotikon mouth,
and also Kanobikon
60+5/6
Βολβίτινον στόμα | Bolbitinon mouth | 61+1/4 | 31+1/12
Σεβεννυτικόν | Sebennutikon | 61+1/2 | 31+1/12
Πινέπτιμι ψευδόστομον | Pineptimi false-mouth | 61+3/4 | 31+1/6
Δίολκος ψευδόστομον | Diolkos false-mouth | 62+1/6 | 31+1/6
Παθμητικὸν στόμα | Pathmetikon mouth | 62+1/2 | 31+1/6
Μενδήσιον στόμα | Mendesion mouth | 62+3/4 | 31+1/4
Τανιτικὸν στόμα | Tanitikon mouth | 63 | 31+1/4
Πηλουσιακὸν στόμα | Pelousiakon mouth | 63+1/4 | 31+1/4
Πηλούσιον πόλις | Pelousion city | 63+1/4 | 31+1/4
=== Sequence of Parallel Rivers (color coded to their mouths) ===
ὅθεν ὅ τε Βουτικὸς* ποταμὸς καὶ ὁ ἐφεξῆς κατὰ παράλληλόν πως τῇ παραλίῳ έσιν ἐπιζευγνύουσι τόν τε Θερμουθιακὸν ( ἢ Φερμουθιακόν) καὶ ᾿Αθριβιτικόν καὶ Βουσιριτικόν καὶ Βουβαστιακόν ·
ὅthen hὅ te Boutikὸs* potamὸs kaὶ hὁ efexes katὰ parάllilόn pos te paralίo esin epizeugnύousi tόn te THermouthiakὸn (he Fermouthiakόn) kaὶ ᾿Athribitikόn kaὶ Bousiritikόn kaὶ Boubastiakόn ·
But from whence indeed [comes] the Boutikos* river, also sequentially there is the -- in layout, as parallel to parallel -- connected to it, additionally the Thermouthiac (or Fermouthiac), and Athribitic kaὶ, Bousiritic kaὶ, Boubastiac.
*Boutikὸs is probably either an alternate name for, or a side branch of the Talu river. It is probably named for the city of Boutios / Buto, which it presumably passes through.

Big Delta
Μέγα Δέλτα καλεῖται , καθ᾿ ὃ ἐκτρέ πεται ὁΜέγας ποταμὸς , ὁ καλούμενος ᾿Αγαθὸς δαί- 25 μων ( ἢ Αγαθοδαίμων) , καὶ ῥέων διὰ τοῦ Ἡρακλεωτι κοῦ στόματος εἰς τὸν καλούμενον Βουβαστιακὸν , ὃς ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Πηλουσιακοῦ στόματος ·
The great Delta is called that according to which is diverted the great river, which is called "the Good of the creators," [or "of the good creators"], and flowing through the Heracloeotic mouth unto the one [river] called Boubastiac, which outflows through the Pelousiac mouth.
=== Delta's S vertex ===
Longitude: 62
Latitude: 30

Little Delta
Μικρὸν δὲ καλεῖται Δέλτα , καθ᾿ ὃ σχέζεται ὁ Βουβαστιακὸς ποταμὸς εἰς τὸν Βουσιριτικὸν ποταμὸν , ὃς ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Παθμητικοῦ (*) στόματος ,
Mikrὸn de kaleῖtai Delta , kath᾿ hὃ schezetai ὁ Boybastiakὸs potamὸs eἰs tὸn Boysiritikὸn potamὸn , hὃs ekreῖ diὰ toῦ Pathmitikoῦ (*) stόmatos ,
But the little Delta is called that according to which there is divided the Boubastiac river into the Bousiritic river, which expels through the Pathmetic mouth.
=== Delta's S vertex ===
Longitude: 62+2/3
Latitude: 30+1/3

3rd Delta
Λέγοιτο δ᾽ ἂν καὶ τρίτονΔέλτα μεταξύ πως τῶν εἰρημένων , καθ᾿ ὃ σχίζεται ὁ Βουβαστιακὸς εἰς τὸν δι᾽ Αθρίβεως πόλεωςκαὶ τοῦ Πινέπτιμι στόματος ῥέοντα, οὗ καὶ αὐτοῦ θέσις
Legoito d᾽ ἂn kaὶ trίton Dέlta metaxύ pos ton eἰrimenon , kath᾿ hὃ schίzetai hὁ Boybastiakὸs eἰs tὸn di᾽ Athrίbeos pόleos kaὶ toῦ Pinέptimi stόmatos ῥeonta, hoὗ kaὶ aὐtoῦ thesis
But there would be called 1/3 delta between the 2 of the aforesaid ones, according to which is broken the Boubasic [river] into the one flowing through Athrib city and the Pineptim mouth.
=== Delta's S vertex ===
Longitude: 62+1/4
Latitude: 30+1/12

Lake Mareotis
=== Outflow thru Lake Mareotis === That the Agathos Diamon (Main Branch of the Nile) river flows out through Lake Mareotis is likely based on . . .
The Peutinger map's showing of the Nile's westernmost branch as swinging far west of the Lighthouse of Alexandria.
The Lake having been so big, in ancient times.
The close coordinates of Alexandria, the Heracleotic Mouth, and the Bolbitic Mouth.

Agathodaimon

Heracleotic mouth
Ἡρακλεωτικοῦ στόματος
Heracleoticou stoma
Latitude 31+1/11 is slightly further north than Alexandria's (31)
Longitude: 60+7/8
Latitude: 31+1/11
Click Unclaimed Sea area, to the North, for relationship to other mouths & rivers.
That its river flows out through Lake Mareotis is likely based on . . .
The Peutinger map's showing of the Agathos Diamon (main branch of the Nile) swinging far west of the Lighthouse of Alexandria.
The Lake having been so big, in ancient times.
The close coordinates of Alexandria, the Heracleotic Mouth, and the Bolbitic Mouth.

Agathodaimon
Μέγα Δέλτα καλεῖται , καθ᾿ ὃ ἐκτρέ πεται ὁΜέγας ποταμὸς , ὁ καλούμενος ᾿Αγαθὸς δαίμων ( ἢ Αγαθοδαίμων) , καὶ ῥέων διὰ τοῦ Ἡρακλεωτι κοῦ στόματος εἰς τὸν καλούμενον Βουβαστιακὸν , ὃς ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Πηλουσιακοῦ στόματος ·
The great Delta is called that according to which is diverted the great river, which is called "the Good of the creators," [or "of the good creators"], and flowing through the Heracloeotic mouth unto the one [river] called Boubastiac, which outflows through the Pelousiac mouth.
=== Outflow thru Lake Mareotis === That the Agathos Diamon (Main Branch of the Nile) river flows out through Lake Mareotis is likely based on . . .
The Peutinger map's showing of the Nile's westernmost branch as swinging far west of the Lighthouse of Alexandria.
The Lake having been so big, in ancient times.
The close coordinates of Alexandria, the Heracleotic Mouth, and the Bolbitic Mouth.

Boubastiacon

Pelousiacou mouth
Πηλουσιακοῦ στόμα
Pelousiacou stoma
River mouth's & city's location:
Delta's location:
Latitude: 62
Longitude: 30
Click "Unclaimed Sea" area, to the North, for relationship to other mouths & rivers.

Main Bubastus river
Βουβαστιακὸν , ὃς
ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Πηλουσιακοῦ στόματος
Boubastiacon, hos
ecrei dia tou Pelousiacou stomatos
Boubastiac, which
outflows through the Pelousiac mouth
Longitude: 62
Latitude: 30
Click "Unclaimed Sea" area, to the North, for relationship to other mouths & rivers.

Boubastiac river
Βουβαστιακὸν , ὃς
ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Πηλουσιακοῦ στόματος
Boubastiacon, hos
ecrei dia tou Pelousiacou stomatos
Boubastiac, which
outflows through the Pelousiac mouth
Click "Unclaimed Sea" area, to the North, for relationship to other mouths & rivers.

Athribitic River

Pineptimi false-mouth
Πινέπτιμι ψευδόστομον
Pineptimi pseudostomon
=== Mouth ===
Longitude: 61+3/4 - It's strange that this is further east than Athrib, at 62+1/4.
Latitude: 31+1/12th, is slightly south of Pelousion's (31+1/4).
=== The 3rd delta ===
To its East, but further South:
Λέγοιτο δ᾽ ἂν καὶ τρίτον Δέλτα μεταξύ πως τῶν εἰρημένων , καθ᾿ ὃ σχίζεται ὁ Βουβαστιακὸς εἰς τὸν δι᾽ Αθρίβεως πόλεωςκαὶ τοῦ Πινέπτιμι στόματος ῥέοντα,
Legoito d᾽ ἂn kaὶ trίton Delta metaxύ pos ton eἰrimenon , kath᾿ ho schίzetai hὁ Boubastiacὸs eἰs tὸn di᾽ Athrίbeos pόleos kaὶ toῦ Pineptimi stόmatos ῥέonta
Then there would be said 1/3 delta between the 2 aforesaid, according to which is separated the Boubastiac river, all the way to the part flowing through Athribeos city, and the Pineptimi mouth.

Athribitic River
᾿Αθριβιτικόν = Athribiticon
Athribitic river = the river thru Athribeos / Atribi
The Barrington Atlas mis-guessed this to be the "Bousiriticos?" river. This is obviously a result of the river later extending NE from the pinned "Pineptimi false mouth," until it captured and even extended east of the longitude of the Busiris river (also plotted, heading north from the town of Buziris), thus making modern cartographers think that its modern promontory, far to the east, of the rest of it, should be the ancient Pathmitic mouth, also far to the East. But 3 pieces of evidence contradict this.
1.) A missing identity - The town of Buziris is nowhere near this river's headwaters, but much further Southeast, on the edge of the desert.
2.) An absurd supposition - You'd have to wrongly think that the delta never changed, for this river's mouth to always have been that far-east Pathmitic mouth. But a delta like this, on the biggest river in the world, does grow, which means that its original mouth must've been one of the ones drawn further west, on Ptolemy's maps.
3.) A competing identity - This river's headwaters absolutely do flow thru the town of "Athribeos / Atribi", which makes this the Athribitic River, not the Busiritic river.
suggests its headwaters were also far to the east.

Future course

Diolcos false-mouth
Δίολκος ψευδόστομον
Diolcos pseudostomon
Diolcos = Di-nilchus = Dimillach* = Dimiliash (4 miles NNW) ?
* On Rumsey Historical Atlas
=== Mouth ===
Longitude: 62+1/6 - It's strange that this is further east than Athrib, at 62+1/4.
Latitude: 31+1/6, is slightly south of Pelousion's (31+1/4).

Bousiris
Barrington Atlas' location,
but this is obviously wrong, based on the Barrington Atlas' mis-naming of the Athribitic river as the "Bousiriticos?" river. This is obviously a result of the river later extending NE from this point, until it captured and even extended east of the longitude of the Busiris river.

Mendesios River

Pathmitic mouth
Παθμητικὸν στόμα
εἰς τὸν Βουσιριτικὸν ποταμὸν, ὃς ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Παθμητικοῦ (*) στόματος ,
eἰs tὸn Bousiritikὸn potamὸn, hὃs ekreῖ diὰ toῦ Pathmitikoῦ stomatos
Unto the Bousiritic river, which outflows through the Pathmitic mouth
Mouth Location:
Latitude: 31+1/6th, slightly further south than Pelusion's (31+1/4),
Delta's location:

Bousiritic river
Παθμητικὸν στόμα
εἰς τὸν Βουσιριτικὸν ποταμὸν, ὃς ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Παθμητικοῦ (*) στόματος ,
eἰs tὸn Bousiritikὸn potamὸn, hὃs ekreῖ diὰ toῦ Pathmitikoῦ stomatos
Unto the Bousiritic river, which outflows through the Pathmitic mouth
Mouth:
Latitude: 31+1/6th, slightly further south than Pelusion's (31+1/4)
Headwaters/Delta:

Mendesios mouth
Παθμητικὸν στόμα
εἰς τὸν Βουσιριτικὸν ποταμὸν, ὃς ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Παθμητικοῦ (*) στόματος ,
eἰs tὸn Bousiritikὸn potamὸn, hὃs ekreῖ diὰ toῦ Pathmitikoῦ stomatos
Unto the Bousiritic river, which outflows through the Pathmitic mouth
Mouth Location:
Latitude: 31+1/6th, slightly further south than Pelusion's (31+1/4),
Delta's location:

Tanitic river

Tanitic mouth
Τανιτικὸν στόμα
Taniticon stoma
Taniticon mouth

Talu river

Bolbitίne mouth
δεύτερος δὲ , ὁ καλούμενος Τάλυ ποταμὸς , ὃς ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Βολβιτίνου στόματος
deύteros de , ὁ kaloύmenos Tάlu potamὸs, hὃs ekreῖ diὰ toῦ Bolbitίnou stόmatos
But a fourth, the one called the Talu river, which outflows through the Bolbitίne mouth
=== Mouth ===
Latitude: 31+1/12, a hair north of Alexandria's (31)
=== Delta S vertex ===
Latitude: 30+5/6, a hair south of Alexandria's (31)
=== Likely etymological cousins: ===
Bolbitic river,
Bolbitine mouth,
Boubastic region, with its cities of "Cabasa"/"Shabasa",
Boutos metropolis

Talu river
δεύτερος δὲ , ὁ καλούμενος Τάλυ ποταμὸς , ὃς ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Βολβιτίνου στόματος
deύteros de , ὁ kaloύmenos Tάlu potamὸs, hὃs ekreῖ diὰ toῦ Bolbitίcou stόmatos
But a fourth, the one called the Talu river, which outflows through the Bolbitίc mouth
Latitude: 31+1/12, a hair north of Alexandria's (31)
=== Delta S vertex ===
Latitude: 30+5/6, a hair south of Alexandria's (31)
=== Likely etymological cousins: ===
Bolbitic river & mouth,
Boubastic region, with its cities of "Cabasa"/"Shabasa",
Boutos metropolis

Talu

Talu ?

Thermouthiac river

Sebennutic mouth
Κατὰ δὲ τὸ Μέγα Δέλτα ἐκτρέπεται ἀπὸ τοῦ ᾿Αγαθοδαίμονος ποταμοῦ πρὸς ἄρκτους πρῶτος μὲν , ὁ καλούμενος Θερμουθιακὸς (ἢ Φερμουθια κὸς) ποταμὸς , ὃς ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Σεβεννυτικοῦ στόματος ,
Katὰ de tὸ Mega Delta ektrepetai ἀpὸ toῦ ᾿Agathodaίmonos potamoῦ prὸs ἄrctous protos men , ὁ kaloύmenos Thermouthiacὸs (he Fermouthia) potamos, hos ecrei dia tou Sebennuticou stomatos
But according as the great Delta is divergent from the ᾿Agathodaίmon river toward the north, first there is that which is called the Thermouthiac (or Fermouthia), which outflows through the Sebennutic ["Quenching"] mouth
Latitude 31+1/2 (or 30+1/4) is significantly further south than Alexandria's (31).
Sebennutic = Shabas Umayyir ?
Sebennutic = Shabas Ash Shuhadaa ?
Sebennutic = Shabasiyyah (5 miles NNE) ?
Sebennutic = Shabah (6 miles N) ?

Phermouthiac river
Κατὰ δὲ τὸ Μέγα Δέλτα ἐκτρέπεται ἀπὸ τοῦ ᾿Αγαθοδαίμονος ποταμοῦ πρὸς ἄρκτους πρῶτος μὲν , ὁ καλούμενος Θερμουθιακὸς (ἢ Φερμουθια κὸς) ποταμὸς , ὃς ἐκρεῖ διὰ τοῦ Σεβεννυτικοῦ στόματος ,
Katὰ de tὸ Mega Delta ektrepetai ἀpὸ toῦ ᾿Agathodaίmonos potamoῦ prὸs ἄrctous protos men , ὁ kaloύmenos Thermouthiacὸs (he Fermouthia) potamos, hos ecrei dia tou Sebennuticou stomatos
But according as the great Delta is divergent from the ᾿Agathodaίmon river toward the north, first there is that which is called the Thermouthiac (or Fermouthia), which outflows through the Sebennutic ["Quenching"] mouth

Untitled Path

Lacus Mori
Mori = Amari* = Great Bitter Lake
* On Rumsey Historical Map; Latin for "bitter."

Trajan river
δι᾿ ἧς καὶ Βαβυλῶνος πόλεως Τραϊανὸς ποτ . ῥεῖ.
Di᾿ heς kaὶ Babylῶnos pόleos Traϊanὸs pot[amos]. ῥeῖ.
Through which also flows the Trajan River of the city of Babylon.
== Pre-Canal ===
See scatter-plot of sites in Anne Catherine Emmerich writings, to see this branch of the Nile, around Heliopolis, before Trajan's canal was built, to control it.
"About one hour's distance from that city in which Jesus as a child had dwelt with His Mother (Heliopolis), He took the same road by which, with Mary and Joseph, He had entered it. It was situated on the first arm of the Nile, which flows in the direction of Judea."

W of Great River

Alexandria
᾿Αλεξάνδρεια .Ę L λά

Hermoῦ
Ἑρμοῦ πόλις μικρά
Hermoῦ pόlis micrά
The little city of Hermes
Hermoῦ = Karmus
Cold just be part of Alexandria's name.

Canopus

Andron

Andron ?
᾿Ανδρῶν πόλις
Andron polis
City of men
Andron = andrus = Amrus ?

Andron ?
᾿Ανδρῶν πόλις
Andron polis
City of men
Andron = Damanhour ?

Leton

Leton ?
μητρόπολις Λητοῦς πόλις μεσόγειος
metrόpolis Letoῦs pόlis mesόgeios
landlocked metrόpolis of the city of Leton
Leton on most maps.
Leton = Letopolis = Chet-tobeleh = Al-Khattahba/Khatahtbeh (الخطاطبة) ?

Leton
μητρόπολις Λητοῦς πόλις μεσόγειος
metrόpolis Letoῦs pόlis mesόgeios
landlocked metrόpolis of the city of Leton
Leton on most maps.
Leton = Rethon = Raduone = Radwan = Mansheya Radwan ?

W of Talu

Metalis

Metalis
Μέτηλις = Metalis
Metalis = Metoubis* = Mutubas ?
* On Rumsey Historical Atlas
Should be on the West banki, between the Agathos Daion, and the Talu river, which it abuts.
Presumably the southern village is older, and the northern village more recent, as the delta filled in, and expanded northward, over the centuries.
=== Seeming typo ===
μεταξὺ δὲ τοῦ Μεγάλου ποταμοῦ καὶ τοῦ Τάλυ ποταμοῦ ἀπὸ δύσεως [should be East!] τοῦ Μεγάλου ποταμοῦ , Μετηλίτης νομός,
καὶ μητρόπολις Μέτηλις
metaxὺ dὲ toῦ Megάlou potamoῦ kaὶ toῦ Tάlu potamoῦ ἀpὸ dύseos [should be East!] toῦ Megάlou potamoῦ ,
Metelίtes nomόs,
kaὶ metrόpolis Mέtelis
But between the great river and the Talu river, from the west [should be East!], of the Great river, there is
the Metelites realm
and the city of Metelis.

Metalis
Μέτηλις = Metalis
Metalis = Mahalah Malik ?
Metalis = K[afr*]. Mahallei Malik** = Kafr Sudan ? (4 miles NNE)
* Khirbet means "Village of"
** On Rumsey Historical Atlas
Presumably the southern village is older, and the northern village more recent, as the delta filled in, and expanded northward, over the centuries.
=== Seeming typo ===
μεταξὺ δὲ τοῦ Μεγάλου ποταμοῦ καὶ τοῦ Τάλυ ποταμοῦ ἀπὸ δύσεως [should be East!] τοῦ Μεγάλου ποταμοῦ , Μετηλίτης νομός,
καὶ μητρόπολις Μέτηλις
metaxὺ dὲ toῦ Megάlou potamoῦ kaὶ toῦ Tάlu potamoῦ ἀpὸ dύseos [should be East!] toῦ Megάlou potamoῦ ,
Metelίtes nomόs,
kaὶ metrόpolis Mέtelis
But between the great river and the Talu river, from the west [should be East!], of the Great river, there is
the Metelites realm
and the city of Metelis.

Μέτηλις = Metalis
Metalis = El-Mahalla El-Kubra ?
Metalis = Mahalah Zeyad ?

W of Phermouthiac

Boutos / Buto

Boutos / Buto
Βοῦτος = Boutos
Boutos (Ptolemy) = Buto (Peutinger)
Boutos = Tell Botou
Boutos = Abioqah* = Abyuqa (3 miles SSW) ?
Boutos = Abiotah* = Abtu (1 mile SSW) ?
16 (or 20?) from Hermopoli.
12 or 14 (or 6?) from "Tmuis."
* On Rumsey Historical Atlas
6 (should be 56; an "L" is missing) from Tmuis.
=== Likely etymological cousins: ===
Bolbitic river & mouth,
Boubastic region, with its cities of "Cabasa"/"Shabasa",
Boutos metropolis

Boutos / Buto ?
Βοῦτος = Boutos
Boutos (Ptolemy) = Buto (Peutinger)
Buto = Phuteh = Foueh* = Fuwwah?
16 (or 20?) from Hermopoli.
Bolbitic river & mouth,

Herculeion

Herakleion ?
ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν δὲ τοῦ Βουβαστικοῦ ποταμοῦ Σεθρωΐτης ἢ Σεθραΐτης νομός, καὶ μητρόπολις Ἡρακλέους μικρὰ
ἀp᾿ ἀnatolon de toῦ Boybastikoῦ potamoῦ Sethroΐtis he Sethraΐtis nomόs, kaὶ metrόpolis Herakleous micrὰ
To the east of the Boubastic river, is the Sethroitis or Sethraitis realm, and the metropolis of Little Heracleon. Herakleion
Herakleous micrὰ = Micra Arcules = Khalil* Al Callas = Izbat Khalil Al Qassas ?
[Notice another city named this, 1/2 mile NW]
* Khalil means "Little," in Arabic.
=== Competing Claim ===
A stele speaking of a city of Thonis was brought up from the sea floor, 38 miles NWW of here, just east of Canopus. Part of the stele reads:
. . . that this stele be erected at the entrance of the ‘sea of the Greeks’ in a town whose name is Thonis.
From this, Wikipedia declares that the town was "sometimes called Thonis-Heracleion," citing the Barrington Atlas. But, while that city is undoubtedly Thonis, yet I see no reason or evidence for why the village should've been hyphenated, to also be named Heracleion. If it were there, then Ptolemy would be utterly false to place it "east of the Boubastic river." Alternatively, perhaps there are 2 Heracleions, that one being Heracleion [magna] and this one Herakleous micra.

Herculeion ?
ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν δὲ τοῦ Βουβαστικοῦ ποταμοῦ Σεθρωΐτης ἢ Σεθραΐτης νομός, καὶ μητρόπολις Ἡρακλέους μικρὰ
ἀp᾿ ἀnatolon de toῦ Boybastikoῦ potamoῦ Sethroΐtis he Sethraΐtis nomόs, kaὶ metrόpolis Herakleous micrὰ
To the east of the Boubastic river, is the Sethroitis or Sethraitis realm, and the metropolis of Little Heracleon. Herakleion
Herculeion = Al Fakhurah ?
Herculeion = Hirfah (3 miles SEE) ?
Herculeion = Karyun (2 miles NWW) ?

Cabasa
Κάβασα = Cabasa
Cabasa = Chabbas* = Shabas Umayyir ?
Cabasa = Chabbas* = Shabas Ash Shuhadaa ?
Cabasa = Chabbas* = Ash Shabasiyyah (5 miles N) ?
Cabasa = Chabbas* = Shabah (7 miles N) ?
* 3 separate villages around here, on the Rumsey Historical Atlas, more 6 miles N, and more 11 miles NW. Presumably the southern villages are older, and the northern villages more recent, as the delta filled in, and expanded northward, over the centuries.

Sais
Σαΐς = Sais
Sais = San Al Hajar
=== Confusable nearby city ===
Ξόϊς ἢ Ξόης
Xsois he Xsoes
Xsois or Xsoes

On the Great River

Naucratis

Naucratis
Ναύκρατις = Naucratis
Naucratis (Ptolemy) = Haucrato (Peutinger)
Naucratis = El Achrak* = An Nuqrash ?
This is the accepted site of Naukratis, where a 4th century BC stele was found.
32 from Melcati
43 from Nicio
Listed on the W side of the river.

Naucratis
Ναύκρατις = Naucratis
Naucratis (Ptolemy) = Haucrato (Peutinger)
Naucratis = Nauclatis = Nakhla ?
32 from Melcati
43 from Nicio

Ναύκρατις = Naucratis
Naucratis (Ptolemy) = Haucrato (Peutinger)
Naucratis = El Achrak* = Izbat Al Aql ?
Naucratis = El Achrak* = Ash Shawkah?
Naucratis = El Achrak* = Zahra El-Bahareya ?
32 from Melcati
43 from Nicio

Niciou

Nikίou ?
ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν πρὸς τῷ Μεγάλῳ ποταμῷ, . . .μητρόπολις Νικίου .
ἀp᾿ ἀnatolon prὸs to Megάlo potamo, . . .mitrόpolis Nikίou .
To the east of the great river . . . of the metropolis of Niciou.
Niciou = Diciour = Dikiris ?
Niciou = Nierouh = An Naurah (3 miles S) ?
Niciou = Heechioul = Haychal = Ezbet Abd El-Ghany Haykal (3 miles SW) ?

Nikίou ?
ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν πρὸς τῷ Μεγάλῳ ποταμῷ, . . .μητρόπολις Νικίου .
ἀp᾿ ἀnatolon prὸs to Megάlo potamo, . . .mitrόpolis Nikίou .
To the east of the great river . . . of the metropolis of Niciou.
Niciou (Ptolemy) = Hiciou (Peutinger)
Niciou = Nigiaula = An Nijaylah ?
=== Least likely ===
Wrong side of the River, so that it would've have had to change course. Also, 10 miles too far North, based on Peutinger map distances.

W of the Athribitic

Pachnamounis ?
Παχνευμουνὶς ἢ Παχναμουνίς
Pachneumounis he Pachnamounis
Pachneumounis or Pachnamounis
Pachnamounis = Phachmous = Bhokhmaus = Dukhmays ?
Pachnamounis = Phachmous = Bhokhmaus = Kafr Dukhmays ?
Latitude: 31 (Same as Alexandria)

Taoua

Taoua
Ταούα = Taoua = Tahwa
Tahwa = Tahtwa = Tahta = Tanta

Taoua
Ταούα = Taoua = Tahwa
Tahwa = Tsahawa = Shanawan* ?
Tahwa = Tsohawa = Tshunoba = Shunufah* ?

W of Buziritic

Onouphis

Onouphis ?
Ονουφίς = Onouphis
Anubis = Onouphis = Sam + Annoudh = Samannoud* = Minyet Samannoud ?
* On Rumsey Historical Atlas.
Some maps show this city far S of Leontopolis, others far N.
Longitude: 62+1/12- Could be 62+1/3, which could be a mere mis-reading, as 1/3 & 1/12 look similar.

Onouphis
Ονουφίς = Onouphis
Anubis = Onouphis = Hunhouph = Chobra El Aneb* = Shubra Al Inab ?
Anubis = Onouphis = Hunhouph = Senhout* = Kafr Ayoub (1 mile N) ?
Anubis = Onouphis = Hunhouph = Senhout* = Sanhut Al Birak (2 miles N)?
* On Rumsey Historical Atlas.
Some maps show this city far S of Leontopolis, others far N.
Longitude: 62+1/12- Should be 62+1/3, which could be a mere mis-reading, as 1/3 & 1/12 look similar.

Athribeos / Atribi
Αθρίβεως πόλεως
Athribeos poleos
Athribeos city
Athribeos (Ptolemy) = Atribi (Peutinger) = Attrib* = Minyt As Siba
Athribeos = D'Athribis*
=== The city ===
=== Delta of its river ===
* On Rumey Historical Map

Thmouis / Tmuis
Θμουΐς = Thmouis
Thmouis (Ptolemy) = Tmuis (Peutinger)
Thamuz = Tmuis = Thmuis* = Timayy Al Imdid
6 (should be 56; an "L" is missing) from Boutos.
=== Competing view: Thmuis as Damietta, 37 miles NNE ===
Mentioned by the 6th-century geographer Stephanus Byzantius, it [Damietta] was called Tamiathis (Ancient Greek: Ταμίαθις) in the Hellenistic period.
[Of course, this Tmuis could've later given its name to that one, as the Delta grew northwards.]

Sebennutos

Sebennutos
Σεβεννυτός = Sebennutos
Sebennutos = Nazlat as Sibaiyyat ?
Sebennutos = El Qasr Sabynnia = Al Kassabiyyah (3 miles SSW)?
Sebennutos = Sab-byhharia = Kafr Saad Bihayri (3 miles SSE)?
Sebennutos = Kafr as Suhbi (4 miles SSE) ?
Sebennutos = Kafr as Sharabiyyah (4 miles SE) ?
Sebennutos = Zahar Charb* = Zahr Shurb (1.5 miles NNE) ?
Sebennutos = Sannuphuh = As Sanafin Al Qibliyyah (3 miles N) ?
Sebennutos = Sedenn = El Saadein* = As Sidiyyin (4 miles NE) ?
Sebennutos = San(n)ahoueh* = Sinnahwa (2 miles E, & 4 NEE**) ?
Guess-plotted here, under this apparently unduly tall Tell-seeming graveyard. If not here, then it would probably be one of the cities further south, both because the population could be expected to migrate northward, as the Delta grew, and to provide the separation from Onouphis reflected on the Ptolemaic maps.
** 2 cities

Possible Sebennutos Cities
If not at the plotted pin, then Sebennutos would probably be one of the cities further south, both because the population could be expected to migrate northward, as the Delta grew, and to provide the separation from Onouphis reflected on the Ptolemaic maps.

Buziris

Buziris
Buziris = Geziret* = Arab Al-Ghudayri
Buziris = Abusir = Al Dzu = Al-Deir ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map
Notice the large block of "Terrain eleve" (elevated terrain) extending NW from here (or NE from here, on the 1818 map, which is locally twisted 90 degrees counter-clockwise), through the dry sandy area.
Buziris gives its name to the Busiritic River, which breaks off from the Boubastic river, 3.5 miles SE of here, and heads N to the Pathmitic mouth. Notice all the other Buziris pins, NE of here, which were towns that were also possibilities for ancient Buziris, but which probably just got their names, instead, from bordering upon the Busiritic river.
Wikipedia and the Barrington Atlas are spectacularly wrong about this city, placing it 38 miles N of here, thus totally disregarding its coordinates given by Ptolemy.

City Limits

Other possibilities

Buziris ?
( Βουσιρὴς ἢ) Βουσιρίς
( Bousiras he) Bousiris
( Bousiras or) Bousiris
Bousiris = Abrousheh = Abrach* = Kafr Ibrash ?
Bousiris = Abrousheh = Abrach* = Ibrash (1 mile N) ?
But the 1818 Rumsey Historical map version of the name for this place, "K[afr]. Abraeh" doesn't seem to fit, etymolgoically, between the ancient and modern names.

Buziris ?
( Βουσιρὴς ἢ) Βουσιρίς
( Bousiras he) Bousiris
( Bousiras or) Bousiris
Bousiris = Bushihreh = Kafr Saad Bihayri ?
Bousiris = Bhahshiria = Thah-hyria = Tuhuriyyah (1 mile SSW)?
Bousiris = Butcherah =Bitah* = Al Bitayyah (2 miles SE) ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical map.
But the 1818 Rumsey Historical map version of the name for this place, "K[afr]. Abraeh" doesn't seem to fit, etymolgoically, between the ancient and modern names.

Buziris ?
( Βουσιρὴς ἢ) Βουσιρίς
( Bousiras he) Bousiris
( Bousiras or) Bousiris
Bousiris = Awsireh = Awasiheh = Izbat Arab Al Awasiyyah ?

Bousiris = Abousirt = Cheit Abou Zeit* ?
* On Rumsey Historical Atlas map. But Cheik probably just refers to a particular person named "Abu Zeit," who was a "Sheik."

Buziris = Berchoum el Sogara* = Barshum as Sughra ?

Leontopolis ?
Λεόντων πόλις
Leontion polis
"City of Lions"
=== Wikipedia on Leontopolis ===
Most scholars today agree that Leontopolis is located at Tell al Muqdam [i.e, here], at latitude 30° 45′ North.[citation needed]
Researchers were long divided as to the real site of Leontopolis. According to D'Anville (1697–1782), its ruins were covered by a mound called Tel-Essabè (Tel es-sab`), or the "Lion's Hill".[11] Jomard (1777–1862), on the other hand, maintained that some tumuli[dubious – discuss] near the village of El-Mengaleh in the Delta, represent the ancient Leontopolis, and this supposition agrees better with the account of the town given by Xenophon of Ephesus.[12] W. Smith (1813–1893) locates the city at latitude 30° 6′ North, which is considerably further south than the actual site.
[Me: That 2nd Leontoplis is 26 miles S of here, and is labelled "Goshen," in Anne Catherine Emmerich's Holy Land scatter plot. It seems to me that this 2nd site was wrongfully called Leontopolis, because of an ambiguity in Onias' account, recorded in Josephus' Antiquities (Bk. 13, ch.3, sect. 1), wherein Onias claims to visit Leontopolis, and then a paragraph later proposes to build a Jewish temple in the land of Diana. From this, many seem to have assumed that the Jewish Temple, at "Tell Ihoudieh" (a variant of 'Judaea;' see it on the 1818 Rumsey Historical map), 26 miles S of here, is also where Leontopolis is. But they aren't, necessarily, the same place, because (1) Onias also claims, meanwhile, to have visited other Egyptian places, not just Leontopolis, before proposing his temple to Ptolemy; and (2) the express mention of the land of Diana would've been unnecessarily redundant, if the commonly accepted northern Leontopolis were already in the land of Diana.]

W of Boubastic river

Panephusis

Panephusis
Πανέφυσις = Panephusis
If it isn't here, then it's probably under the floodplain, off to the East, NW of Tanis.
Banebdjedet = Mebdjets = Ruines De Mendes*
Banebdjedet = Paneb-Ptahsis** = Panephusis ?
Banebdjedet = Panep-Osiris** = Panep-urshis* = Panephusis ?
Panephusis = Phusis = Furshah = Mit Faris*** ?
Panephusis = Phusis = Phurif = Mit Tarif**** ?
Panephusis = Phusis = Foushah = Ezbet Fouad Saad ?
Panephusis = Banebhu = Bani Ubayid = Bani Ebeid ??
*On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas. Note that the Mendes river is in this area, and that the site is drawn as a promontory jutting out into water, later silted in with alluvium.
** See Wikipedia below.
***On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas. Mit probably means village, like "Medina" in Arabic. Alternatively, Faris could refer to a former lighthouse there. Note nearby Faris & Tarif are probably variants of each other.
****On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas. Note nearby Faris & Tarif are probably variants of each other.
=== Wikipedia on Mendes ===
Mendes (Greek: Μένδης, gen.: Μένδητος), the Greek name of the ancient Egyptian city of Djedet, also known in ancient Egypt as Per-Banebdjedet ("The Domain of the Ram Lord of Djedet")
=== Wikipedia on Djedet ===
The djed, also djt (Ancient Egyptian: ḏd 𓊽, Coptic ϫⲱⲧ jōt "pillar", anglicized /dʒɛd/)[1] is one of the more ancient and commonly found symbols in ancient Egyptian religion. It is a pillar-like symbol in Egyptian hieroglyphs representing stability. It is associated with the creator god Ptah and Osiris, the Egyptian god of the afterlife, the underworld, and the dead. It is commonly understood to represent his spine.

Panephusis
Πανέφυσις = Panephusis ?
Panephusis = Faraskur ?

Πανέφυσις = Panephusis ?
Panephusis = Manashouzahs = Mansourah* ?
* But wikipedia says the city name is recent, meaning victory.
=== Wikipedia on Mansoura, Egypt ===
Mansoura was established in 1219 by al-Kamil of the Ayyubid dynasty upon a Phatmetic branch of the Nile on a place of several older villages like Al-Bishtamir (Arabic: البشطمير) and Kafr al-Badamas (Arabic: كفر البدماص, from Ancient Greek: ποταμός, "river,canal").[3][4] After the Egyptians defeated the Crusaders during the Seventh Crusade, it was named Mansoura (aka. "The Victorious").

Πανέφυσις = Panephusis ?
Panephusis = Panebou = Banabau = Bahnabay ?
Panephusis = Phausis = Farsis ?

Panephusis (Ptolemy) = Phacus (Peutinger) ?
Panephusis = Faqus ?
Latitude: 31+1/12 - But it would have to be 30+2/3, instead, which it easily could be, as γο' (1/12) looks like ιβ' (2/3), when the letters are run together. But then, too, the 31 would have to actually be 30, instead.

Tanis
Τάνις = Tanis
Tanis = Ruines De Tanis*
Tanis = Ruines De Touneh* (18 miles NNE**) ?
** This is a logical later location, filled in, as the Delta expanded northward.
The coordinates are correct; but this city is wrongly drawn far to the south, even outside the delta, on the Medieval maps.
=== Nearby ===
Τανιτικὸν στόμα =
Taniticon stoma
Taniticon mouth

Pharbaithos
Φάρβαιθος = Pharbaithos
[Lepe? =] Pharbaithos = Phelbes*** = Bhalbaith = Belbeis** = Belbes
[Lepe? =] Pharbaithos = Par* + Ba-aitis = Baatit** = Bahtit (6 miles NE) ?
* "Next to", in Greek.
** On Rumsey Historical Atlas *** See Wikipedia below.
=== Wikipedia on Belbeis ===
Belbeis (Arabic: بلبيس pronounced [belˈbeːs]; Bohairic Coptic: Ⲫⲉⲗⲃⲉⲥ/Ⲫⲉⲗⲃⲏⲥ Phelbes/Phelbēs) is an ancient fortress city on the eastern edge of the southern Nile delta in Egypt, the site of the Ancient city and former bishopric of Phelbes and a Latin Catholic titular see.
=== Anne Catherine Emmerich on Lepe ===
I saw the Holy Family arrive at a town and district called Lepe or Lape, in which were numerous canals and ditches with high dams. I saw them crossing the water on a raft. Mary sat on a log, and the ass was standing in something like a trough, or tub. Two ugly, brown-complexioned, half-naked men with flat noses and protruding lips, ferried them over. Our holy travelers came now to the house on the outskirts of the town; but the occupants were so rough and pitiless that, without saying a word, Mary and Joseph moved further on. I think this was the first pagan Egyptian city they had yet reached. They had made, up to this time, ten days' journey in the Jewish country and then in the wilderness.
I next saw the Holy Family on Egyptian territory, in a level, green country full of pasture grounds.

E of Boubastic river

Heracleion

Heracleion
Ἡρακλέους μικρὰ
Heracleous micra
Little Heraclea
Little Heraclea (Ptolemy) = Heracleion (Peutinger)
Heracleion = "Ruines de Sethrum"* = Tell Scherig* (See pic, just to the left of the purple box.)
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas.
Longitude: 63+1/3 - Should be about 62+5/6 or so, since the Peutinger map shows it W of Pelusium (63+1/4).
32 from Tmuis

Heracleion ?
Ἡρακλέους μικρὰ
Heracleous micra
Little Heraclea
Little Heraclea (Ptolemy) = Heracleion (Peutinger)
Heracleion = Helacheia = Ash Shalatiyyat ?
* However, on thge Rumsey Historical Atlas, this area would be underwater, in the 1800s.
Longitude: 63+1/3 - Should be about 62+5/6 or so, since the Peutinger map shows it W of Pelusium (63+1/4).
32 from Tmuis

Heracleion
Ἡρακλέους μικρὰ
Heracleous micra
Little Heraclea
Heracleion = Halcheia = Alhieh* = As Salhiyyah ?
Heracleion = Arculeia = Ahcoweia = El Akoweh* = Al Qawadah ?
Heracleion = Charah-cheia = Province de Charqieh* = El-Qantara el-Sharqiya (20 miles NEE**)?
**This area has been partially filled in, since the early 1800s, as the Delta expanded northward.
* However, on thge Rumsey Historical Atlas, this area would be underwater, in the 1800s.
Longitude: 63+1/3 - Should be about 62+5/6 or so, since the Peutinger map shows it W of Pelusium (63+1/4).
32 from Tmuis

Heracleion ?
Heracleion = Herachia = Sharahia = Izbat Ash Sharayid ?

Phacoussa / Phacus
Φακοῦσσα = Phacoussa
Phacoussa (Ptolemy) = Phacus (Peutinger)
Phacus = Phacusa = Faqous* = Faqus
* On Rumsey Historical Map as "Ruines de Phacusa"
36, but should be 46 from Pelousion.

Boubastos
Βούβαστος = Boubastos
Boubastos = Ruines de Boubaste* = Tell Bastas
Boubastos = Chawbak Bastah* = Shubak Bastah

(Heliou or) Oniou
( Ηλίου ἢ) Ὀνίου
(Heliou he) Oniou
Helioupolis = Heliopolis
On = Zahraa* + On = Zeitoun = El Zaytoun ?
*A nearby neighborhood
=== Helio or On ===
=== Heliopolis ===
The latter is obviously the city of On/Ono also spoken of by Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich, as an alternate name for Heliopolis. It is perhaps named from the Jewish high priest, Onias IV, for whom the general Land of Onias is named.]
See extensive information on this city, from the visions of Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich, in the AncientMiddleEast.com's "Holyland" scatter-plot.

Babylon

Babylon
Βαβυλών = Babylon
Babylon = Boulaq* = Bab All Louq ?
Babylon = Embabeh* = Imbabah (3 miles NW) ?
Babylon = Garden City ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map
Latitude 62+1/4
Shown as 36 miles west of Stratonicidi, on the Peutinger map.
Memphis was like three cities in one, for it was built on both sides of the Nile, and appeared also to be connected with Babylon, a city lying east­ward of the river and nearer to its mouth. In Pharao's time, the country in general around the Nile between Heliopolis, Babylon, and Memphis, was so covered with high stone dams and buildings, and so linked together by canals, that those three cities presented the appearance of one large city. But at the time of the Holy Family, all were separate, immense wastes intervening between them.
The holy travelers proceeded northward from Troja along the river toward Babylon, a dirty, low lying city. Between the Nile and Babylon, they took the route by which they had come and returned a distance of about two hours. [Should be: "They took the route LONGITUDINALLY between the Nile and Babylon by which they had come and returned NORTHWARD DOWN THE NILE a distance of about two hours." ] Buildings in ruins were scattered here and there along the whole road. After crossing a small branch of the river, or a canal, they reached Matarea, which was built upon a tongue of land jutting out into the Nile. The river bathed the city on two sides. It was, in general, a wretched enough place, built only of date-wood and solid mud covered with rushes. Joseph found plenty of work here.
Only the poorest Jews dwelt here in Babylon, and that in the most wretched dens and caves. But in the Jewish settlement between On and the Nile, they were numerous and better off. They had a reg­ular temple, for they had lapsed into frightful idol­atry. They had a golden calf, a figure with an ox's head, around which were ranged other representa­tions of animals like polecats, or ferrets. These last mentioned animals defend people against the croc­odile. (Ichneumon). They had, too, an imitation of the Ark of the Covenant and horrible things in it. The idolatry they practiced was of the most shame­ful kind and, in a subterranean hall, they carried on the most infamous wickedness, deluded by the hope that from it their messiah should come forth. They were exceedingly stiff-necked, and would not be converted. Later on, however, many of them left that settlement and went to Babylon, about two hours distant. In doing so, they could not, on account of the numerous dykes and canals, travel by a straight road; they had to make a detour around On.

Babylon
Βαβυλών = Babylon
Babylon = Embabeh* = Imbabah ?
Babylon = Boulaq* = Bab All Louq (3 miles SE) ?
Babylon = Garden City (3 miles SE) ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map
Latitude 62+1/4
According to Anne Catherine Emmerich, this was on the East side of the river, so for this site to be correct, the river would've had to have migrated eastward.
Shown as 36 miles west of Stratonicidi, on the Peutinger map.
Memphis was like three cities in one, for it was built on both sides of the Nile, and appeared also to be connected with Babylon, a city lying east­ward of the river and nearer to its mouth. In Pharao's time, the country in general around the Nile between Heliopolis, Babylon, and Memphis, was so covered with high stone dams and buildings, and so linked together by canals, that those three cities presented the appearance of one large city. But at the time of the Holy Family, all were separate, immense wastes intervening between them.
The holy travelers proceeded northward from Troja along the river toward Babylon, a dirty, low lying city. Between the Nile and Babylon, they took the route by which they had come and returned a distance of about two hours. [Should be: "They took the route LONGITUDINALLY between the Nile and Babylon by which they had come and returned NORTHWARD DOWN THE NILE a distance of about two hours." ] Buildings in ruins were scattered here and there along the whole road. After crossing a small branch of the river, or a canal, they reached Matarea, which was built upon a tongue of land jutting out into the Nile. The river bathed the city on two sides. It was, in general, a wretched enough place, built only of date-wood and solid mud covered with rushes. Joseph found plenty of work here.
Only the poorest Jews dwelt here in Babylon, and that in the most wretched dens and caves. But in the Jewish settlement between On and the Nile, they were numerous and better off. They had a reg­ular temple, for they had lapsed into frightful idol­atry. They had a golden calf, a figure with an ox's head, around which were ranged other representa­tions of animals like polecats, or ferrets. These last mentioned animals defend people against the croc­odile. (Ichneumon). They had, too, an imitation of the Ark of the Covenant and horrible things in it. The idolatry they practiced was of the most shame­ful kind and, in a subterranean hall, they carried on the most infamous wickedness, deluded by the hope that from it their messiah should come forth. They were exceedingly stiff-necked, and would not be converted. Later on, however, many of them left that settlement and went to Babylon, about two hours distant. In doing so, they could not, on account of the numerous dykes and canals, travel by a straight road; they had to make a detour around On.

Helioupolis
῾Ηλίουπόλις
City of the Sun
Helioupolis = Heliopolis
See extensive information on this city, from the visions of Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich, in the AncientMiddleEast.com's "Holyland" scatter-plot.

New Heliopolis

Heroon

Heroon ?
Ηρώων πόλις
Heroon polis
"City of heroes"
Heroon (Greek) = "Of heroes" = Al Abtel (Arabic)
Heroon = Chelon = El Kelo ?
Ηρώων πόλις δι᾿ ἧς καὶ Βαβυλῶνος πόλεως Τραϊανὸς ποτ. ῥεῖ.
Heroon pόlis di᾿hes kaὶ Babylonos pόleos Traϊanὸs pot. hreῖ.
The city of heroes, through which also flows the Trajan River, of the city of Babylon.

Heroon ?
Ηρώων πόλις
Heroon polis
"City of heroes"
Heroon (Greek) = "Of heroes" = Al Abtel (Arabic)
Al Abtal = El Tal El Kabir / At Tall as Saghir?
Ηρώων πόλις δι᾿ ἧς καὶ Βαβυλῶνος πόλεως Τραϊανὸς ποτ. ῥεῖ.
Heroon pόlis di᾿hes kaὶ Babylonos pόleos Traϊanὸs pot. hreῖ.
The city of heroes, through which also flows the Trajan River, of the city of Babylon.

Heroon ?
Ηρώων πόλις
Heroon polis
"City of heroes"
Heroon (Greek) = "Of heroes" = Al Abtel (Arabic) ?
Al Abtel = Zabal = Abu Zabal ?
Al Abtel = Aol Abiateh = Izbat Al Abyad (1 mile NE) ?
Ηρώων πόλις δι᾿ ἧς καὶ Βαβυλῶνος πόλεως Τραϊανὸς ποτ. ῥεῖ.
Heroon pόlis di᾿hes kaὶ Babylonos pόleos Traϊanὸs pot. hreῖ.
The city of heroes, through which also flows the Trajan River, of the city of Babylon.

Heroon (Greek) = "Of heroes" = Al Abtel (Arabic)
Al Abtel = El Obour City?
Heroon = El Obour City?

Sinai N coast

Pelousion
Πηλούσιον πόλις
Pelousion Polis
Pelousion (Ptolemy) = Pilusio (Peutinger)
Pelousion = Pelusium
Here located at the "Ruines de Peluse" on 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas.

Gerron / Gerra
Γέῤῥον ὅριον
Gerron orion
"Gerron border"
Gerron (Ptolemy) = Gerra (Peutinger)
Gerra = Ger-rha = Gel-bha = Gelbana / Jalbaneh
Here located at the "Ruines de Tell El Her" on 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas.

Cassio(n)
Κάσσιον = Cassion
Cassion (Ptolemy) = Cassio (Peutinger)
Cassion = Catsiah = Bir Qatia

Sirbonis lake
Ἔκρηγμα Σιρβωνὶς λίμνη
Ecregma Sirbonis limne
Ecregma Sirbonis lake
Sirbonis = Zrbhanish = Zrhanich = Zranik*?
* But Zranik may instead derive from Ostracina (See that pin).

Ostracina
Οστρακίνη = Ostracina
Ostracina (Ptolemy) = Ostracina (Peutinger)
Ostracina = Oz-tharanica = Zaranica = Zaraniq

Rinocor(o)ura
Ρινοκορούρα = Rinocoroura
Rinocoroura (Ptolemy) = Rinocorura (Peutinger)
Rinocorura = Cahrurha = Ahrusha = El Arich* = Arish
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map, which explicitly labels it as "Rhinocorura."

Anthedon
᾿Ανθηδών = Anthedon
Anthedon = Teda* = Thatra ?
* On 1922 Rumsey Historical Map

Red Sea Coast

Arsinoe
'Αρσινόη ή 'Αρσιόνη
Arsinoe he Arsione
Arsinoe or Arsione
Arsinoe (Ptolemy) = Arsinoe (Peutinger)
Arsinoe = Ar Sinowet = Al Simawd = Al Semad
Longitude: 61+2/3 [should be 63+2/3]
Anne Catherine Emmerich describes this city extensively, as on one of the arms of the delta. Plotted here on the West side of the inlet, as shown on some maps, and at the main canal-outflow.

Klysma Frourion
κλύσμα φρούριον
Klysma [Frourion] = Qulzum = Tsulzuh = Suez
=== Wikipedia on Suez ===
The modern city of Suez is a successor of the ancient city of Clysma (Ancient Greek: Κλῦσμα, romanized: Klŷsma, meaning "surf, waves that break"; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲟⲩⲥⲙⲁ, romanized: Peklousma; Arabic: القلزم, romanized: al-Qulzum), a major Red Sea port and a center of monasticism.[1][2]

Drepanon Akron
Δρέπανον άκρον
Drepanon Akron / Promontorium (On map)

Muos Ormos
Μυός όρμος
Muos Hormos = Sorhmos = Solchmos = [Ain] Sokhna
"Mu Mooring"?
=== Wikipedia on Ain Sokhna ===
Recent archaeological excavations have shown that there was an ancient Egyptian port and settlement in this area. The site was first brought to attention in 1999 by Professor Mahmud Abd El Raziq.[1] French and Egyptian archaeologists have been investigating this area since that time.

Filoteros Limen
Φιλωτέρας λιμήν
Filoteros [Limen] = Faroteros =>=> Zaafarana ?
(Looks like a deliberate act of renaming.)
"More loving harbor" . . . . . . "Saffron Palace"
[Cited here mainly by relative distances to the Mts. North & South. (See original maps.)]

Mt. Ajax
Αίας όρος
Arias Oros

Leukos Limen / Portus Albus ?
Λευκός λιμήν
Leukos Limen / Portus Albus
"White Port"
[Located here, based purely relative to mountains & capes, on the maps; not based at all on local Place-names, except that white sand is here, too. It would make sense to have a port here, on the shortest route between the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Nile River.]
=== Wikipedia on Hurghada ===
The village, which later evolved into what is now the city of Hurghada, was first settled in 1905. It acquired its name from a plant which has grown there naturally since the days of Ancient Egypt.

Mt. Acabe
'Ακάβη όρος
Akabe Oros
Mt. Acabe = Asavay = Safaga (Name of the port city here)?
Akabe = Aqaba (Gulf 100 miles northeast)
This mountain-group's name may come from it being a mountain pass to the Nile; or (less likely) its name may somehow be connected to the Gulf of Aqaba, directly opposite it, on the eastern side of their Red Sea.

Nechesia
Neχεσία
Nechesia = Equesiar = El Qoseir = Queseer ?
=== Wikipedia on El Qoseir ===
El Qoseir[note 1] (Arabic: القصير, romanized: el-Qoṣēr, pronounced [elʔoˈsˤeːɾ]) is a city in eastern Egypt, located on the Red Sea coast. Populated for approximately 5,000 years, its ancient name during the Ptolemaic era was Myos Hormos.[Me: Nope.] Historically, it was the endpoint of the Wadi Hammamat trail, an important route connecting Egypt and the Red Sea.

Smaragdos Oros
Σμάραγδος όρος
"Emerald Mt."
[Emeralds are mined here, according to this map, but since the map shows this as a whole range, it probably refers to the huge bulge of sea-shore mountains, from here, southward, all the way past Cape Bazion Akron.]

Lepta Acra

Lepta Acra ?
Λεπτή άκρα
Lepta Acra = Aca Lepta = Calipt = Ghalib??
" Thin/Slight Height"

Berenice
Βερενίκη
Berenice = Bir anata = Bi'r al Hasa ???
[This is where it should be, on the maps, and 3 massive rivers empty into the ocean here, plus a reef provides wave-protection. It could, alternatively, be at one of the inlets, 3 or 5 miles south.]

Pentadactylon Oros
Πενταδάκτυλον όρος
"5 – Fingered Mountain"

Bazion Akron
Βάζιον άκρον
Bazion Akron = Bajina = Bana = Ras Banas
[Located here, (1) by the name's similarity to Ras Banas, but also (2) as the most distinctive cape (Akron) of the Red Sea coast, from which Ptolemy measures distances in all directions; and also (3) relative to Chersonesus ("Penninsula").]

Nile

River topography

Old course 1 ?

Old course 2 ?

Old course 3 ?

1818 course at Heracleia

Island ?
This island is drawn to accomodate . . .
"Port" Ptolemais being a port (ὅρμος / hormos)
Not 3 islands, as today, but only 1 island between Acanthon in the N, and Ko in the S.
This big island's "Island S end" pin, whose Latitude is given, very specifically, far in the South, betweeen Ko and Oxyrygchos.
This huge island, to be bordered on the SE, by another little island on the opposite side of the river, whose east river seamlessly crosses the main Nile to become this big island's west side.

Nomes & Regions
For Nomes missing South of Faiyum oasis, see the "Latitude 28 Void" folder.

N 7 Nomes
Τὰ δὲ μεσημβρινώτερα τοῦ Μεγάλου Δέλτα καὶ τῆς κάτω χώρας καλεῖται Ἑπτὰ Νομοὶ (ἢ Επτανομὶς) . . .
Tὰ de mesimbrinotera toῦ Megάlou Dέlta kaὶ tes kάto choras kaleῖtai Ἑptὰ Nomoὶ (he Heptanomὶs) . . . Hois nomoῖs prosgrάphontai hoἱ dύo Oasῖtai.
But the regions further south than the great Delta and its lowland is called "7 Realms" (or "Hepta-realm") . . . To these [7] nomes are ascribed the 2 oases

S 7 Nomes
Τὰ δὲ μεσημβρινώτερα τοῦ Μεγάλου Δέλτα καὶ τῆς κάτω χώρας καλεῖται Ἑπτὰ Νομοὶ (ἢ Επτανομὶς) . . .
Tὰ de mesimbrinotera toῦ Megάlou Dέlta kaὶ tes kάto choras kaleῖtai Ἑptὰ Nomoὶ (he Heptanomὶs) . . . Hois nomoῖs prosgrάphontai hoἱ dύo Oasῖtai.
But the regions further south than the great Delta and its lowland is called "7 Realms" (or "Hepta-realm") . . . To these [7] nomes are ascribed the 2 oases

Memphites

Ἡrakleopolίten nome
Ἡρακλεοπολίτην νομὸν ,
Ἡrakleopolίten nomὸn

Arsinoΐtes nome
Αρσινοΐτης νομὸς
Arsinoΐtes nomὸs

Aphroditopilites Nome
᾿Αφροδιτοπολίτης νομὸς,
Aphroditopilites Nomos

Oxyrygchites nome
Ὀξυρυγχίτης = Oxyrygchites nome
W of the river
Συνάπτει δὲ ἀπὸ μὲν δυσμῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ νομὸς Ὀξυρυγχίτης
Synάptei de ἀpὸ men dysmon toῦ potamoῦ nomὸs Ὀxyrygchίtes
But there is joined together from the west of the river the nome of Oxyrygchites

Kynopolites
Κυνοπολίτης = Kynopolites

Hermopolites Nome
Ἑρμοπολίτης νομὸς
Hermopolites Nomos

Antinoites
ἀπὸ δὲ ἀνατολῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ νομὸς ᾿Αντινοΐτης
ἀpὸ de ἀnatolon toῦ potamoῦ nomὸs ᾿Antinoΐtis
From the east of the river the nome of Antinoites

N Thebeid highlands
Τὰ δὲ ἔτι μεσημβρινώτερα τῶν ἑπτὰ νοωμῶν καλεῖται Θηβαὶς καὶ ἄνω τόποι.
Tὰ de eti mesimbrinotera ton heptὰ nomῶn kaleῖtai Thebaὶs kaὶ ἄno tόpoi.
But the area's further south of the 7 Nomes is called the Thebeid and the Highlands

S Thebeid highlands
Τὰ δὲ ἔτι μεσημβρινώτερα τῶν ἑπτὰ νοωμῶν καλεῖται Θηβαὶς καὶ ἄνω τόποι.
Tὰ de eti mesimbrinotera ton heptὰ nomῶn kaleῖtai Thebaὶs kaὶ ἄno tόpoi.
But the area's further south of the 7 Nomes is called the Thebeid and the Highlands

Lycopolites nome
ἀπὸ μὲν δύσεως τοῦ ποταμοῦ Λυκοπολίτης νομὸς
apo men dyseos tou potamou
on the west of the river, Lycopolites nomos

Hypselites nome

Hypselites nomE
Υψηλίτης νομὸς
Hypselites nomos

Namesakes

Hypsale

Panopolites

Panopolites ?

Diopolites nome
Διοπολίτης νομὸς
Diopolites nomos

Tentyrites nome
Τεντυρίτης νομὸς
Tentyrites nomos

Coptites
Κοπτίτης νομὸς ,
Coptites nomos

Thebon nome
Θηβῶν νομὸς
Thebon nomὸs

Hermouthites nome
Ἑρμουθίτης νομὸς
Hermouthites nomὸs

Memphis

Memphis
Μέμφις = Memphis
Men-nefer = Memfi = Memphis = Menephi = Al Manashi
Men-nefer = Memfi = Memphis = Meneshi = Manshiyyat Al Qanatir
Note that it is no contradiction to have 2 Memphises, 20 miles apart, as the city once extended that far.
=== Wikipedia on Memphis ===
At the beginning of the New Kingdom (c. 1550 BC), the city became known as mn-nfr (anglicized as Men-nefer, meaning "enduring and beautiful"), which became "Memfi" (ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ) in Bohairic Coptic. The name "Memphis" (Μέμφις) is the Greek adaptation of the name that they had given to the pyramid of Pepi I,[Fnt 1] located west of the city.[15]

Memphis
Μέμφις = Memphis

Acanthon
᾿Ακανθὼν ἢ (Α )κανθῶν
Acanthon he (A)canthon
Acanthon or (A)Canthon
Acanthon = Al Carathan = El Qoreitain* = Al Quratiyyn ?

Heracleous

Heracleous
‘Ηρακλέους πόλις μεγάλη
Heracleous polis megale
Great city of Heracleos
Heracleous = Therachleia = Tarchlayah = Tarphayahh = El Tarfaieh* = At Tarfayah ?
Heracleous = Aracles = Al-Ikhlas mosque** (2 miles SSE) ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map, it's shown as then just an island outcrop IN the river, so it could instead be an outcrop 1 mile southeast of here.
**Less likely, as its latitude needs to be N of Oxyrygchos' latitude (28+5/6). Enable "Layers" > "Places" menu, in GoogleEarth. But if it's one of those outcrop on the river-bank, as "El Tarfaieh" is indeed shown to be in 1818, then I'd more expect the larger outcrop, 1 mile NNE of the mosque. Note that in 1818, the river was EAST of its present course, so those outcrops would've then been on the WEST bank, back then.

City limits
Note that in 1818, the river was EAST of its present course, so those outcrops today on its EAST bank, of which "El Tarfaieh" is shown to be one, would've then been on the WEST bank, back then.

Heracleous
‘Ηρακλέους πόλις μεγάλη
Heracleous polis megale
Great city of Heracleos
Heracleous = Churchlayuh = Jazirat al Qurşayah* ?
Heracleous = Hercle = Therachuh = Tershuh = Terseh* (2 miles S) ?

‘Ηρακλέους πόλις μεγάλη
Heracleous polis megale
Great city of Heracleos
Heracleous = Cheracheia = K. Qaratieh* ?
This site is worse, because it's latitude calls for it to be south of Babylon & Agcyron.

Arsinoe
᾿Αρσινόη = Arsinoe
Arsinoe = Ausimweh = Awçim* = Ausim

Port Ptolemais / Telmi
ὅρμος Πτολεμαΐς
Hormos Ptolemais
Port Ptolemais
Ptolemais (Ptolemy) = Telmi (Peutinger)
Ptolemais = Turemais = Kafr Tahormes* = Kafr Tuhurmis
Ptolemais = Telemi = Telmi
The maps seem to show an illegible prefix preceding "Ptolemais."
It looks like "Starto-"; or perhaps it is
the "Stratonici," appended to "Babylon," on the Peutinger map; or perhaps it is
an early form of "Saqqara," where the Giza pyramids are.

Aphrodites
᾿Αφροδίτης πόλις
Aphrodites polis
City of Aphrodite
Aphrodites = Al Jaafrah

Agcyron
᾿Αγγυρῶν ἢ ᾿Αγκυρῶν πόλις
Aggyron he Agcyron polis
Aggyron or Agcyron polis
Agcyron = Cairo
Located here at old Cairo

Island S end
καὶ συνίασι μὲν οἱ τὴν νῆσον ποιοῦντες ποταμοὶ κατὰ θέσιν .
kaὶ synίasi men oἱ ten neson poioῦntes potamoὶ katὰ thesin .
And the rivers making the island join together at

Oxyrygchos

Oxyrygchos
Οξύρυγχος
Oxy-rygchos = "Sharp nose," a probable reference to the too steep "Bent pyramid of Sneferu at Dahshur", only 2 miles due west of here.
Oxy-Rygchos = Rachinos = Rahina = Mit Rahineh* ?
* Also on 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map.
Latitude: 28+5/6 - This site is better be cause it's North of the Islands' southernmost end, which is at Latitude 28+3/4.
=== Wikipedia on Mempis, Egypt ===
Mit Rahina (Arabic: ميت رهينة), which its name is derived from the late Ancient Egyptian name for Memphis mjt-rhnt meaning "Road of the Ram-Headed Sphinxes"

Oxyrygchos
Οξύρυγχος
Oxy-rygchos = "Sharp nose," a probable reference to the too steep "Bent pyramid of Sneferu at Dahshur", only 2 miles due west of here.
Oxyrygchos = Hochchyrich = Thahchour* = Dahshur Oxyrygchos = Hochchyrich = Thahchour* = Takyris** ?
** On the Barrington Atlas.

Ko ?
Κῶ = Ko
Ko = Chop = Chopah = El Chowbak* = Shobak ?
Longitude: 61(?)+5/6 - Technically shows 60, instead, so an alpha is probably missing.

Kynon polis

Kynon polis ?
ᾗ ἀντίκειται ἐν τῇ νήσῳ Κυνῶν πόλις
he ἀntίkeitai en te neso Kynon pόlis
to which there lies a cross on the island the City of Dogs
Dogs = Kilab (Arabic)
Kynon = Churnan = Thurhan = Kafr Turkhan Ash Sharqi ?

Kynon polis ?
ᾗ ἀντίκειται ἐν τῇ νήσῳ Κυνῶν πόλις
he ἀntίkeitai en te neso Kynon pόlis
to which there lies a cross on the island the City of Dogs
Dogs = Kilab (Arabic)
Kilab = Chelaba = Chorafeh* = Shorafa ?

Acoris

Acoris - 28.5
Ακορίς ή 'Aκωρις
Acoris he Acoris
Acoris (Ptolemy) = Acori (Peutinger)
Acoris = Achrhis = Akshish = Al Akhsas ?
17, but probably should be 7, to Antino
90, but should be 20 (the "XC" should be "XX" ), to Telmi
Latitude: 28+1/2 - Fits right in with the surrounding cities.
This site is best because its latitude is correct, and it is the correct distance to Telmi.

Acoris
Ακορίς ή 'Aκωρις
Acoris he Acoris
Acoris (Ptolemy) = Acori (Peutinger)
Acoris = Acur = Askur
Acoris = Aqurash = Al Aqwaz (6 miles N) ?
17, but probably should be 7, to Antino
90, but would have to be 30, to Telmi, in other words, both "XC" should be "XX," and then also another "X" is missing.

Acoris
Ακορίς ή 'Aκωρις
Acoris he Acoris
Acoris (Ptolemy) = Acori (Peutinger)
Acoris = Aqohish = Aqowaz* = Al Aqwas ?
17, but probably should be 7, to Antino
90, but would have to be 25 (the "XC" would hve to be "XX," and then another "V" would have to be missing), to Telmi

Alabastra - 28.33
(Αλαβαστρὰ ἢ)᾿Αλαβάστρων πόλις
(Alabastra he) Alabastron polis
(Alabastra or ) Alabastron polis
Alabastra = Al Abaptra = Al Ababdah

Hermes - 28.43

Hermou Polis Megala - 28.43
Ἑρμοῦ πόλις μεγάλη .
Ἑrmoῦ pόlis megάle .
Great city of Hermes
Shown on maps as "Hermis," or "-rmiopolita," or "Hermisus."
Hermes = Himais = Kafr Himayyid

Hermou Polis Megala - 28.43
Ἑρμοῦ πόλις μεγάλη Hermou polis megala Great city of Hermes
Hermes = Hamens = Ezbet Mohammed Amin ?
οἷς νομοῖς προςγράφονται οἱ δύο Οασῖται.
hoἷs nomoῖs prosgrάfontai oἱ dύo Oasῖtai.
to which realms [Hermes, Phylakai, & Antinoos] are ascribed the 2 oases.

Phylakai - 28.25

Phylakai - 28.25
Φυλακαί = Phylakai
Phylakai = Bhilaachah = Al Bilaydah

Phylakai ? - 28.25
Φυλακαί = Phylakai
Phylakai = Bhulach = Bharath = Barut?
οἷς νομοῖς προςγράφονται οἱ δύο Οασῖται.
hoἷs nomoῖs prosgrάfontai oἱ dύo Oasῖtai.
to which realms [Hermes, Phylakai, & Antinoos] are ascribed the 2 oases.

Latitude 28 Void
=== Great Confutation ===
The Peutinger map seems to have confused:
Lyconpoli, at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun), ending the upper sequence, with
Lyonpoli, (as modern Liyyo, 115 miles S of it), ending the lower sequence.
Thus it wrongly draws both sequences as ending at the same city (circled in green), but this is not the case. (Continued below...) In fact, if you follow Peutinger's 2 sequences of cities, you'll find that the Upper Sequence terminates at the former, but the Lower Sequence 120 miles to the South, at the latter. Furthermore, not just Peutinger, but Ptolemy seems to have also made the same mistake. Assuming that both Lykon & Lyon are the same city, at Latitude 28, it has then made a gigantic, empty, void between them, first naming cities up near Faiyum (e.g, Alabastron Polis), then suddenly jumping to naming cities (e.g, Abydos) that are suddenly 120+ miles south. Thus there is a great void (See gray area on map), DEMANDED by the massive distance between cities North or South of Ptolemaic Latitude 28.
==== 2 Possibilities ===
Due to uncertainty about which side of the void, individual cities are on, there are actually 2 big possibilities for the Great Void: The Northern possibility (called "Northern" because it clusters its cities in the North, North of the void), involves a far bigger 150 mile void. The Southern possibility (called "Southern" because it clusters its cities in the South, South of the void) involves a smaller 100-mile-void.
The Southern one seems more likely, because
its cities and nomes are more evenly spread out;
it has better candidates for Aphrodites, Panopolis*;
*Confirmed by Peutinger distances ;
most nomes have their capitol city at their northern border, and the southern possibility for Thanites has a likely capitol, in exactly the right place, S of Aphrodites, but N of Ptolemais Hermou.
But the Northern one has in its favor that
it has better candidates for Ly(c)on, Ptolemaidonar*
Alternately click on the North & South Possibilities' folders, to see the 2 competing sets of cities, as a result of this void. Also note, that even if one possibility is correct, yet there may still be legitimate yellow cities in the other possibility's folder, especially if those yellow cities were confirmed by Peutinger map distances.

SOUTH possibility
Called the South possibility because its cities are in the South, making smaller space for the Great Void.
The SOUTH possibility is more likely, because it gives equal space for the two East-bank nomes of Antaiopolites and Panopolites, whereas the NORTH possibility would hugely cram the former into a tiny space, and glut the latter with 100s of miles of territory.

Antaiopolites nome, S possibility
ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν δὲ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ᾿Ανταιοπολίτης νομὸς ,
ἀp᾿ ἀnatolon de toῦ potamoῦ ᾿Antaiopolίtes nomὸs
But on the east of the river, the Antaiopolites nome

Aphroditopolites nome
᾿Αφροδιτοπολίτης νομὸς
Aphroditopolites nomos

Tinites / Thenites

Thinites / Thenites
Θινίτης (ἢ Θηνίτης) νομὸς ,
Thinites (he Thenites) nomos
Thinites (or Thenites) nome

Thanίt ?
Θινίτης (ἢ Θηνίτης) νομὸς
Thinίtis (he Thinίtis) nomὸs
Thinίtis (or Thinίtis) nomὸs
Thanίt = Tahnita = Tahtah* = Tahta ?

Panopolίtes nome, S possibility
Πανοπολίτης νομὸς
Panopolίtes nomὸs
Note separate borders drawn for the North & South possibilities

Lat 28 Void - S Possibility
=== Great Confutation ===
The Peutinger map seems to have confused:
Lyconpoli, at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun), ending the upper sequence, with
Lyonpoli, (as modern Liyyo, 115 miles S of it), ending the lower sequence.
Thus it wrongly draws both sequences as ending at the same city (circled in green), but this is not the case. (Continued below...) Not just Peutinger therefore, but Ptolemy seems to have also made the same mistake. Assuming that both Lykon & Lyon are at Latitude 28, it has then made the sudden jump to naming cities that are suddenly 120+ miles south. Thus there is a great void (See gray area on map).

Antaiou / Antinoou / Ant(h)eia ? - 28.17
μητρόπολις ᾿Ανταίου μεσόγειος
metrόpolis ᾿Antaίou mesόgeios
landlocked metropolois Antaiou
Anthei or Antea, on the Medieval Ptolemaic maps.
Antea = Hammthia = Hmmmia = Al Hmmmiyyah ?
Antea = Antinea = Tinea ?

Lyonpoli - 28
Λύκων πόλις = Lukon Polis.
Written "Ty(c)onpoli," on the Peutinger maps,
but this should be Lyconpoli (see Wikipedia, below).
Lukon Polis (Ptolemy) = Ty(c)onpoli (Peutinger)
Lyconpoli = Liyyo ?
Note that Asyut is too far for the Peutinger map distances, but Liyyo is still in its greater vicinity.
=== Great Confutation ===
The Peutinger map seems to have confused:
Lyonpoli (here, as modern Liyyo), ending the lower sequence, with
Lyconpoli, at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun, 115 miles N), ending the upper sequence.
Thus it wrongly draws both sequences as ending at the same city (circled in green), but this is not the case.
=== Wikipedia on Asyut ===
In Graeco-Roman Egypt, it was called Lycopolis or Lykopolis (Greek: Λυκόπολις, "ἡ Λύκων πόλις"),[4] ('wolf city') Lycon,[5] or Lyco.[6][7]

Hypsala - 28.83

Hypsala ? - 28.83
Υψήλη (ἢ Υψηλή)
Hypsála (he Hypsalá)
Hypsála (or Hypsalá)
Hypsala = Dhepshalah = Dapshluht = Dashlut ?
Hypsala = Anypshalha = Amp-shoula = Amshoul (2 miles NE) ?
Hypsala = Anypshalha = Anjyiph-shah = Kom Injashah (2 miles SE) ?

Hypsala ? - 28.83
Υψήλη (ἢ Υψηλή)
Hypsála (he Hypsalá)
Hypsála (or Hypsalá)
Hypsala = Hypt-Shala = Houpt-a-Sharah = Al Huwta Ash Sharqiyyah ?
Hypsala = Shala = Sharah = Jeff Sarhan (1 miles SW) ?
Hypsala = Shala = Sharah = Shareph = Dayrout El-Shareef (3 miles SW) ?
Hypsala = Shalih = Shalich = Shalsh (3 miles SW) ?

Hypsala ? - 28.83
Υψήλη (ἢ Υψηλή)
Hypsála (he Hypsalá)
Hypsála (or Hypsalá)
Hypsala = Nupsala = An Nazlah ?

Hypsala = Hypps = Shuphph = Shuthph = Shutb ?
Marked "Hypselis" on 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map

Passalos - 27.5

Passalos ? - 27.5
Πάσσαλος ἢ Πασσάλων
Passalos he Passalon
Passalos or Passalon
Passalos = Abas-sellah = Abou Sorrah* = Bisrah ?
Passalos = Assala = Al Assarah (4 miles NW) ?

Passalos ? - 27.5
Πάσσαλος ἢ Πασσάλων
Passalos he Passalon
Passalos or Passalon
Passalos = Assala = Se-ala = Sehel* = As Sahhil ?

Passalos ? - 27.5
Πάσσαλος ἢ Πασσάλων
Passalos he Passalon
Passalos or Passalon
Passalos = Bhashalia = Al-Bahariya (البحرية)* ?
Passalos = Shalosh = Hawash = Al-Hawaish ?
* See pic at this location.

Passalos = Paljlaoah = Jallawiyyah ?

Panopolis - 27.33
μητρόπολις Πανόπολις ( ἢ Πανῶν πόλις )
metropolis Panopolois (he Panon polis)
Thge metropolis Panopolois (or Panon polis)
Panopolis (Ptolemy) = Panopoli (Peutinger)
Panopolis = Baniphela* = Bani Helal (ببنى هلال)
* See pic here.
17 from Ananu.
Ptolemy has it on the East side of the River, but Peutinger on the West.

Aphrodites - 27.33

Aphrodites - 27.33
᾿Αφροδίτης πόλις
Aphrodites polis
Aphrodite's city
Aphrodites (Ptolemy) = Affrodites (Peutinger)
Aphrodites polis = Afrodatha = Afodratha = Al Afadraha ?
24, but should be 34 (An "x" is missing), to Pheruce
20, but should be 15 (An "x" should be a "v"), to Didymus
May or may not be the same Aphrodites as Ptolemy's Aphrodites city & nome, which is listed among the cities on the other side of the river, and probably 125 miles N of here, next to Crocodilopolis.

Affrodites ? - 27.33
Affrodites = Ahr-ffrah = Ashraffah = Al Asraf Ash Sharqiyyah ?

Ptolemais of Hermes - 27.17

Ptolemais of Hermes ? - 27.17
Πτολεμαΐς ἡ ῾Ερμείου
Ptolemais he Hermeiou
The Ptolemais of Hermes
Hermes = Al Himas ?
*Genitive case

Ptolemais of Hermes ? - 27.17
Πτολεμαΐς ἡ ῾Ερμείου
Ptolemais he Hermeiou
The Ptolemais of Hermes
Ptolemaei* = Thule-aemi = Chura-aybi = Khuraybi ?
Ptolemaei* = Thule-ami = Chula-aybi = Khalaf ?
*Genitive case

Abydos - 26.83
Αβυδος = Abydos
Abydos = Abydos
Abydos = Abudawood (1 mile NNW) ?
"Hell" (according to the Book of Revelation)

NORTH possibility
This North possibility is the one that would require the "Great Void," as it leaves 150 miles of empty ground to the South (See gray area, on map), before the next citiy, Dios Polis Micra.
Called the North possibility because its cities are in the North.
The SOUTH possibility is more likely, because it gives equal space for the two East-bank nomes of Antaiopolites and Panopolites, whereas the NORTH possibility would hugely cram the former into a tiny space, and glut the latter with 100s of miles of territory.

Tanit

Tanit ?
Namesake of the Thenites Nome?
Pure guesswork: In neither Peutinger, nor Ptolemy.
Thanit* = Thenites
Thanit* = Phanit = Fanit = Fant ?
Thanit* = Phanit = Fanit = Izbat Al Fant (2 miles N) ?
Thanit* = Phantha = Fanshah = Al Fashn (2 miles NNE) ? Thanit* = Phantha = Fanshah = Al Fashn (2 miles NNE) ?
* Punic war-Goddess
However, All these "Fant" cities may be instead derived from Afrodite, not Tanit:
Afrodita = Chafrhadta = Ac-Fahta = Iqfahs (3 miles NW) ?
Afrodita = Chafrhadta = Ac-Fahta = Nazlat Iqfahs (3 miles NW) ?

Tanit ?
Namesake of the Thenites Nome?
Pure guesswork: In neither Peutinger, nor Ptolemy.
Thanit* = Thenites
Thanit* = Thant = Taht = Talt ?
Thanit* = Thant = Taht = Talt WA Al Qulayah (1 mile SSE) ?
Thanit* = Thanat = Tahath = Talath = Talah = Tala (1 mile NEE) ?
* Punic war-Goddess

Antaiopolites nome, N possibility
ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν δὲ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ᾿Ανταιοπολίτης νομὸς ,
ἀp᾿ ἀnatolon de toῦ potamoῦ ᾿Antaiopolίtes nomὸs
But on the east of the river, the Antaiopolites nome

Panopolίtes nome, N possibility
Πανοπολίτης νομὸς
Panopolίtes nomὸs
Note separate borders drawn for the North & South possibilities

Antinoou / Antino - 28.17
Αντινόου πόλις
Antinoou polis
Antinoou (Ptolemy) = Antino (Peutinger)
Antinoi* = Ant-noi = Ath-nowi = Atch-nawy = Al-Ashmawy (العشماوي)
* "-I" in Latin, and "-OU" in Greek are Genative.
Named after the male lover of Hadrian.
17 to Acori.
12 to Lyonpoli, but should be 20 (the "II" should be "X").

Lykon/Lyonpoli - 28
Λύκων = Lykon
Lykon (Ptolemy) = Lyonpoli (Peutinger)
Lykon = El Lahoun* = Al Lahun
Latitude: 28+?? - The fractional remainder must be missing from the Ptolemaic index click transfer, since the city would not be listed 5/6 of a degree south of the latitude of Hypsele (28+5/6), which is probably right beside it, or maybe south of it, but certainly not north of it, else the cities would be listed in reverse order.
Lyconpoli, here at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun), ending the upper sequence, with
Lyonpoli, (as modern Liyyo, 115 miles S), ending the lower sequence.
Thus it wrongly draws both sequences as ending at the same city (circled in green), but this is not the case. Not just Peutinger therefore, but Ptolemy seems to have also made the same mistake. Assuming that both Lykon & Lyon are at Latitude 28, it has then made the sudden jump to naming cities that are suddenly 120+ miles south. Thus there is a great void (See gray area on map).
=== Proposed solution ===
It seems that everything south of Lyconpolis, with the sole exception perhaps of Crocodilopolis, is 100 miles to the South, after the void. This includes the the nomes of . . .
Aphroditopolites, West of the river, with the cities of
Aphrodites
Thenites, West of the river, with the cities of
Ptolemais of Hermes
Abydos
Diopolites, (etc, on down the Nile)
Antaiopolites, East of the river, with the cities of
Antaiou
Passalos
Panopolites, East of the river, with the cities of
Panopolis
Lepidoton
Chenoboscia
Kaine Polis
Coptipolites, (etc, on down the Nile)

Hypsele - 28.83

Hypsele ? - 28.83
Hypseli (he Hypsile)
Hypseli (or Hypsile)
Hypsala = Ipsara = Ibshana ?
Latitude: 28+5/6 - would have to be 27+5/6

Hypsele ? - 28.83
Hypseli (he Hypsile)
Hypseli (or Hypsile)
Hypseli = Habu selih = Jazirat Abu Salih ?
Latitude: 28+5/6 - Perhaps should be 27+5/6, next to Lukon at 28.

Hypsele ? - 28.83
Hypseli (he Hypsile)
Hypseli (or Hypsile)
Hypsile = Haphil = Al Hafir ?
Latitude: 28+5/6 - Perhaps should be 27+5/6, next to Lukon at 28.

Antaiou ? - 27.67
Ανταίου = Antaiou
Genitives: Antaiou (Greek) = Antei (Latin)
Antaiou = Ataiowha = Ataiabha = Ateaba (العتبة،) ? ?
Latitude: 27+2/3 - This site was placed here solely to fit into the right latitude, relative to surrounding cities' latitudes.

Antaiou ? - 27.67
Ανταίου = Antaiou
Genitives: Antaiou (Greek) = Antei (Latin)
Antei = Fant ?

Ανταίου ? - 27.67
Ανταίου = Antaiou
Genitives: Antaiou (Greek) = Antei (Latin)
Antei = Atphei = Atfih ?

Passalos - 27.5
Passalos = El Assarah* ?

Panόpolis ? - 27.33
Πανόπολις ( ἢ Πανῶν πόλις )
Panόpolis (he Panon pόlis )
Panόpolis (or Panon pόlis )
Panόpolis (Ptolemy) = Panopoli (Peutinger)
Panon = "of all" = liljamie (للجميع) = Zawiyat Al-Jedami ( الجدامي،) ?
17, but should be 27 to Ananu.

Aphrodites ? - 27.33
Αφροδίτης πόλις
Aphrodites polis
City of Aphrodite
Aphrodita = Haph-Rhodhitha = Shaf-Al Dhitsa = Saft Al Hirtza = Saft Al Khirsah* ?
Aphrodita = Haph = Shaf = Saft** ?
** Numerous cities to the Southeast. See orange loop, on map: Ezbet Saft, Bisfa, About Saft*, Saft Saini*, Saft Al Urafa, Old/El (?) Saft*,
May or may not be the same Aphrodites as the Peutinger map's Aphrodites, which is shown there on the other side of the river, and probably 100 miles S of here.
Latitude: 27+1/3 - The strongest support for this location.

"Saft" cities

Aphrodites ? - 27.33
Αφροδίτης πόλις
City of Aphrodite
Aphrodita = Phrondita = Frohn* = Al Fashn?
May or may not be the same Aphrodites as the Peutinger map's Aphrodites, which is shown there on the other side of the river, and probably 100 miles S of here.
Longitude: 61+2/3 - However this location is probably too far east to justify this Longitude.

Aphrodites ? - 27.33
Αφροδίτης πόλις
Aphrodites = Hahrabitis = Thaha-Bis = Taha Bush* ?
May or may not be the same Aphrodites as the Peutinger map's Aphrodites, which is shown there on the other side of the river, and probably 125 miles S of here.

Ptolemaidonar - 27.17

Ptolemaΐs of Hermes / Ptolemaidonar ? - 27.17
Πτολεμαΐς ἡ ῾Ερμείου
Ptolemaΐs he Hermeίou
The Ptolemaΐs of Hermes
Ptolemaΐs he Hermeίou (Ptolemy) = Ptolemaidonar (Peutinger)
Ptolemaidonar = Donar = Dahnar = Dahmaru ? Ptolemaidonar = Ptolemaisxxiii*?
* "xxiii" would be the distance to the next city.
6 from Heracleo
23 from Sinottu? (See proposed typo "Ptolemaisxxiii," above.)

Ptolemaΐs of Hermes / Ptolemaidonar ? - 27.17
Ptolemaΐs he Hermeίou
The Ptolemaΐs of Hermes
Ptolemaΐs he Hermeίou (Ptolemy) = Ptolemaidonar (Peutinger)
Hermes = Ahrmeh = Nagaa El-Kom El-Ahmar ?
Ptolemaidonar = Donar = Dahmar = Nagaa El-Kom El-Ahmar ?
Ptolemaΐs = Talebit = Izbat Talt (2 miles E)?
Ptolemaΐs = Talebit = Tala (3 miles E)?
Should be at least 16, not 6 from Heracleo. Maybe an "-X-" is missing?
Longitude: 61+5/6 - This location is worse, because we would expect a Longitude further east: Compare to Abydos at 61+1/3.

Lat 28 Void - N Possibility
Lyconpoli, at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun), ending the upper sequence, with
Lyonpoli, (as modern Liyyo, 115 miles S of it), ending the lower sequence.
Thus it wrongly draws both sequences as ending at the same city (circled in green), but this is not the case. (Continued below...) Not just Peutinger therefore, but Ptolemy seems to have also made the same mistake. Assuming that both Lykon & Lyon are at Latitude 28, it has then made the sudden jump to naming cities that are suddenly 120+ miles south. Thus there is a great void (See gray area on map).
=== Proposed solution ===
It seems that everything south of Lyconpolis, with the sole exception perhaps of Crocodilopolis, is 100 miles to the South, beyond the void. This includes the the nomes of . . .
Aphroditopolites, West of the river, with the cities of
Aphrodites
Thenites, West of the river, with the cities of
Ptolemais of Hermes
Abydos
Diopolites, (etc, on down the Nile)
Antaiopolites, East of the river, with the cities of
Antaiou
Passalos
Panopolites, East of the river, with the cities of
Panopolis
Lepidoton
Chenoboscia
Kaine Polis
Coptipolites, (etc, on down the Nile)

Abydos

Αβυδος = Abydos
Abydos = Habaidhash = Ash Sheikh Shibaykah ?

Crocodeiloon - 27.33

Crocodeiloon - 27.33
Κροκοδείλων πόλις.
Crocodeiloon polis
City of Crocodiles
Crocodeiloon = Charach = Medinet* el Garaq ou Garah ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map. Note also, that "Medina" is the Arabic word for "city," so this literally translates as "The City [of] the Croc."
This site is best supported by the fact that it is near to the northern of the of 2 Lyco(n)polises, in whose nome it is listed. However its latitude would seem to counter-indicate this site
Latitude: 27+1/3 - The problem with this location, is that it were here, then its latitude would still be around 28.
=== Wikipedia on Lake Moeris ===
Crocodilopolis (modern Faiyum)

Crocodeiloon - 27.33
Κροκοδείλων πόλις.
Crocodeiloon polis
City of Crocodiles
Crocodeiloon = Characha = Izbat Abu Gharraqah
Crocodeiloon = Characha = Rahna(c/ç?)eh* ?
* On the 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map, not just as "Rahna(c/ç?)eh," but also as ancient "Oxyrynchys," which latter is wildly inaccurate, that city being 80 miles north. From this, I suspect that Napoleon's French map-makers may have distorted the phonetic spelling of the village name, to more closely reflect "Oxy-RYNCHYS," rather than what it probably should instead reflect, namely, "Croco-."
Latitude: 27+1/3 - Strongest support for this site: It's next to Panopolis, also listed at Latitude 27+1/3. But that would put it in the wrong Nome, whereas it is listed in the Lycopolites nome.
=== Wikipedia on Lake Moeris ===
Crocodilopolis (modern Faiyum)

Κροκοδείλων πόλις.
Crocodeiloon polis
City of Crocodiles
Crocodeiloon = Faiyum ??
This site is best supported by the fact that it is near to the northern of the of 2 Lyco(n)polises, in whose nome it is listed. However its latitude would seem to counter-indicate this site.
Latitude: 27+1/3 - The problem with this location, is that if it were here, then the latitude would be 28+.
=== Wikipedia on Lake Moeris ===
Crocodilopolis (modern Faiyum)

Crocodeiloon = Charch = Charsh = Abu Khars ??
This site is next to the cities at 27+1/3 which are south of the Great Void (gray area on map).
Latitude: 27+1/3 - The problem with this location, is that if it were here, then the latitude would be 28+.

Crocodeiloon = Char-chah = Char-thar = Nazlet Khater ??
This site is next to those cities at 27+1/3 (Aphrodites polis & Panopolis) which are south of the Great Void (gray area on map).
Latitude: 27+1/3 - The problem with this location, is that if it were here, then the latitude would be 28+.

Dios Polis Micra - 26.67

Dios Polis Micra - 26.67
Διοπολίτης νομός των άνω τόπων, και μητρόπολις Διός πόλις μικρά
Diopolίtis nomόs ton άno tόpon, kai mitrόpolis Diόs pόlis mikrά
The realm of the Divine City of the highlands, and the metropolis "Little Divine City"
Note: This is the little "Diospolί." This is not the great "Diospolί." That one, 40 miles SE of here, refers to Thebes, as is obvious from the fact that it is written on the Peutinger map as "Diospolί que Tibe," or "Diospolί & Thebes."
[Dios Polis] Micra = Hiu ?
Located here on 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map.
[But Barrington Atlas has it due south of Chernoboscia, across the river. But the maps don't show it there at all, but here.]

Dios Polis Micra - 26.67
Διοπολίτης νομός των άνω τόπων, και μητρόπολις Διός πόλις μικρά
Diopolίtis nomόs ton άno tόpon, kai mitrόpolis Diόs pόlis mikrά
The realm of the Divine City of the highlands, and the metropolis "Little Divine City"
Note: This is the little "Diospolί." This is not the great "Diospolί." That one, 40 miles SE of here, refers to Thebes, as is obvious from the fact that it is written on the Peutinger map as "Diospolί que Tibe," or "Diospolί & Thebes."
[Dios Polis] Micra = [Nagaa Al] Mahrazah
"Divine City Little"
[But Barrington Atlas has it due south of Chernoboscia, across the river. But the maps don't show it there at all, but here.]

Διοπολίτης νομός των άνω τόπων, και μητρόπολις Διός πόλις μικρά
Diopolίtis nomόs ton άno tόpon, kai mitrόpolis Diόs pόlis mikrά
The realm of the Divine City of the highlands, and the metropolis "Little Divine City"
Note: This is the little "Diospolί." This is not the great "Diospolί." That one, 40 miles SE of here, refers to Thebes, as is obvious from the fact that it is written on the Peutinger map as "Diospolί que Tibe," or "Diospolί & Thebes."
[Dios Polis] Micra = [Allah Medina] Kalil (Arabic) = "Divine City Little"
Allah Kalil = Awlad Khalaf ?
Allah Kalil = Al Hallafi ?
[But Barrington Atlas has it due south of Chernoboscia, across the river. But the maps don't show it there at all, but here.]

Τέντυρα = Tentyra
Tentyra = Dendarah Temple Complex
Hathor = Thatura = Tentyra = Dandarah (2 miles NNW)
This is the Ptolemaic Tentyra. The Peutinger one is 70 miles further south, at Edfu. See Wikipedia below.
=== Wikipedia on the Temple of Edfu ===
The temple of Edfu is the largest temple dedicated to Horus and Hathor of Dendera. It was the center of several festivals sacred to Horus. Each year, "Hathor travelled south from her temple at Denderah [i.e, here] to visit Horus at Edfu, and this event marking their sacred marriage was the occasion of a great festival and pilgrimage."
=== Wikipedia on Dendera ===
Dendera (Arabic: دَنْدَرة Dandarah; Ancient Greek: Τεντυρις or Τεντυρα; Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲓⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣⲓ, romanized: Nitentōri; Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲓⲧⲛⲧⲱⲣⲉ, romanized: Nitntōre),[1][2] also spelled Denderah, ancient Iunet 𓉺𓈖𓏏𓊖 “jwn.t”,[3] Tentyris[4][5] or Tentyra[6] is a small town and former bishopric in Egypt situated on the west bank of the Nile, about 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Qena, on the opposite side of the river. It is located approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Luxor and remains a Latin Catholic titular see. It contains the Dendera Temple complex, one of the best-preserved temple sites from ancient Upper Egypt.

Tentyra
Τέντυρα = Tentyra
Tentyra (Ptolemy) = Tentira (Peutinger)
Tentira = At Tirah
16 from Lato
36 from Diospoli que Tibe
12 (Should be 62: An "L" is missing) from Ombo.

Pampanis
Παμπανίς

Tathuris - 25.67
ο Μέμνων, και μεσόγειος κώμη Tαθυρίς
o Memnon, kai mesόgeios komi Tathyrίs
The Memnon, and landlocked village Tathyrίs
Tathuris = Ta-theris = At Tarif?

Colossus of Memnon
εἶτα ὁ Μέμνων, καὶ μεσόγειος κώμη Ταθυρίς
eἶta ὁ Memnon, kaὶ mesόgeios kome Tathyrίs
then the Memnon, and the landlocked city Tathyris

Hermo(u/n)th(e/i)s / Hermotis - 25.33
Ερμουθες η Ερμωνθίς
Hermo(u/n)th(e/i)s / Hermotis
"Of Hermes" ?
Hermotis = Ermonteh = Armant ?
=== Wikipedia on Thoth ===
Thoth's chief temple was located in the city of Hermopolis (Ancient Egyptian: ḫmnw /χaˈmaːnaw/, Egyptological pronunciation: "Khemenu", Coptic: Ϣⲙⲟⲩⲛ Shmun). Later known as el-Ashmunein in Egyptian Arabic, the Temple of Thoth was mostly destroyed before the beginning of the Christian era, but its very large pronaos was still standing in 1826.[2]

Lato(n) Polis ? - 25
Λάτων πόλις
Laton Polis
"Shut-in-ness City"
Laton (Ptolemy) = Lato (Peutinger)
Laton = Atona = Tunah = Nagaa at Tunab ?
Laton = Esna* (9 miles S) ?
* Latopolis and Contra-Lato (across the river) are plotted there on the 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map

Apollonos Polis Megale - 24.67
Απόλλωνος πόλις μεγάλη
Apollonos Polis Megale / Civitas
"Great city of Apollo"
Listed as "Apolliopolis Magna" on 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map.
Apollonos = Nagaa Al Balalis (3 miles NWW) ?

Phthonthis - 24.33
κώμη μεσόγειος Φθωνθίς
Phthonthis
Perhaps "Malice" (??)

Cataracts

Elephantine
νησος Ελεφαντίνη
Nesus Elephantine

1st Cataract - 23.58 or 23.75
Seems to contain 2 cataracts:
=== The Little Cataract ===
τὸν Καταῤῥάκτην τὸν μικρόν ,
tὸn Katarrάkten tὸn micrόn
the Little Cataract
=== The Great Cataract ===
Μετὰ τὸν Ψέλκιν ( ἢ Ψέλκην ) καὶ τὸν μέγαν καταῤῥάκτην , οὗ ἡ θέσις ἐπέχει μοίρας 60+1/2, 22+6/10
Metὰ tὸn Pselcen (he Pselcen) kaὶ tὸn megan catarrάcten, hoὗ he thesis epechei moίras 60+1/2, 22+6/10
After the Pselcin (or Pselcen) and the great cataract, of which the setting has position 60+1/2, 22+6/10
Latitude: 22+6/10 - Probably should be at Latitude 23.58 (i.e., the 1st cataract), not 22.58.

2nd Cataract

2nd Cataract
Site of the fortresses of Mirgissa and Dabenarti and Kumma.

2nd Cataract map

Kumna & Semna map

3rd Cataract

4th Cataract

5th Cataract

6th Cataract

Lepidoton

Lepidoton - 26.83
Λεπιδωτών πόλις
Lepidoton Polis
"Fishy/Scaly City"
[Located here at Wikipedia's site, see link beloow.] Longitude: 62
=== Wikipedia on Lepidotonpolis ===
Under the modern village are the remains of a New Kingdom temple. Fragments with the names of the Egyptian kings Amenophis III, Ramesses II, and Merneptah were found.[2] The main deity of the place was the lion goddess Mehit. The lepidotus fish was here worshiped too. Near the temple is an ancient cemetery

Lepidoton - 26.83
Λεπιδωτών πόλις
Lepidoton Polis
"Fishy/Scaly City"
[Located here at Wikipedia's site.] Longitude: 62
=== Wikipedia on Lepidotonpolis ===
Under the modern village are the remains of a New Kingdom temple. Fragments with the names of the Egyptian kings Amenophis III, Ramesses II, and Merneptah were found.[2] The main deity of the place was the lion goddess Mehit. The lepidotus fish was here worshiped too. Near the temple is an ancient cemetery

Chenoboscia - 26.5
Χηνοβοσκία = Chenoboscia
Chenoboscia (Ptolemy) = Cenoboscio (Peutinger)
Ptolemy puts it on the East side of the river, but the Peutinger map on the West side of the river.
Chenoboscia = Al Baskiyyah
14 (easily misread as 43, but the lowercase "-L-" is actually an "-I-".)
128, not 28, from Ananu. (A "C-" is missing; or perhaps the final final "-o" in "Chenoboscio" is supposed to be a "C-".)
=== Wikipedia on Sheneset-Chenoboskion ===
The Nag Hammadi library, a collection of 2nd-century Gnostic manuscripts discovered in 1945, was found in the Nile cliffs to the north-west.[6] . . .
People moved to the region to be near Saint Anthony the Great. . . .
The only remains of masonry consist of a dilapidated quay, amidst whose ruins is a stone bearing a Greek inscription, apparently of the time of Antoninus Pius; from which we learn that the individual, by whose order it was sculptured, had executed some work "at his own expense;" ...[3]

Καινή πόλις Kaine = Qinawiyyah "New City"
This site is at a better Latitude, if the nearby Tentyra is the correct one.

Καινή πόλις Kaine = Qena "New City"

Coptis Polis - 26
Κοπτός ή Κοπτις πόλις
Coptis Polis = Kipt = Qift
=== Wikipedia on Qift ===
Egyptian Gebtu; Ancient Greek: Κόπτος Coptos / Koptos; Roman Justinianopolis

Apollonos Polis Mikra / Apollonis Civitas - 25.83
Απόλλωνος πόλις μικρά
Apollonos Polis Mikra / Apollonis Civitas
"The Little City of Apollo"
=== Wikipedia on Qus ===
Its modern name is one of many borrowings in Egyptian Arabic from Coptic, the last living phase of Ancient Egyptian. In Graeco-Roman times, it was called Apollonopolis Parva or Apollinopolis Mikra (Greek: Ἀπόλλωνος ἡ μικρά;[3] Ἀπόλλων μικρός),[4] or Apollonos minoris.[5]
During the Roman Empire it was renamed Diocletianopolis; and it corresponds, probably, to the Maximianopolis of the later Empire.

"Thebon...Dios Polis Megale" - 25.5
Διὸς πόλις μεγάλη
Diὸs pόlis megάle
Great divine city
Luxor = "Thebon...Dios Polis Megale" (Ptolemy) = "Diospoli que Tibe" (Peutinger)
=== Ptolemy ===
Θηβών νομός, και μητρόπολις Διός πόλις μεγάλη
"Thebon nomos, kai metropolis Dios Polis Megale"
"The Theban's' law, and the metropolis "Great Divine City"
=== Peutinger ===
"Diospoli que Tibe"
"Disopoli and Thebes"

Toufion - 25.33
Τούφιον
Toufion
"Tufa quarry" or "Tomb" or "Thebon"
Thebhon = Teuphion = Toufion

Chnoubis - 25
Χνουβίς
Chnoubis
Chnoupis = Chanoutheh = Cahutte*
Chnoupis = Thunnoube = Tunnab = Nagaa at Tunab (عزبة الطوناب) ?

Eilethuias Polis / Lato - 24.75
Ειληθυίας πόλις
Eilethuias Polis
"Shut-in-ness City"
Eilethuias (Ptolemy) = Lato (Peutinger)
16 to Tentyra
20, but should be 40 (an "X" should be an "L") to Diospolis

Τόου μεσόγειος
Tooy Mesogeios
Toou = Thour = Abu Hur ( ابوهور) ?
Latitude: 24+1/3 - This is the best site for this latitude.

Τόου μεσόγειος
Tooy Mesogeios
Toou = = Toum* ?

Τόου μεσόγειος
Toou Mesogeios
Landlocked Toou
Toou = Tunqalah = Ad Dirr WA-Tunqalah ?

Όμβοι ή Όμβροι
Omb(r)oi
Omb(r)oi (Ptolemy) = Ombos (Peutinger)
Omb(r)oi = Umbu
Plotted at the Temple Of Ombo on the riverbank.

Συήνη
Syene = Asuene = Aswan
(1st Cataract, A.k.a. Aswan)

Psellis / Pselcis ? -23.08
ψέλκις = Pselcis
Pselcis (Ptolemy) = Spelci (Peutinger)
42 from Syene
Pselcis / Psellis on some maps.
Psellis = Pserrees = Bereens = Birein ?
"Babble"

A(i)daioi
'Αδαίοι 25 ή Αϊδαίοι) A(i)daioi "Unassailed"
ἔπειτα Δωδεκάσχοινος, (ἧς ἀπ᾽ ἀνατολῶν εἰσὶν Αραβες , καλούμενοι ᾿Αδαῖοι 25 ἢ Αἰδαῖοι) . [ ἐν οἷς ] ἀπ᾽ ἀνατολῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ μετὰ τὸνΚαταῤῥάκτην τὸν μικρόν , Ἱερὰ Συκάμινος . . . Φιλαί ( ἢ Φίλαι) . . . Μετακομψώ . . . ἧς ἀντικρὺς ἀπὸ δυσμῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ Ψέλκις
epeita Dodekάschoinos, (hes ἀp᾽ ἀnatolon eἰsὶn Arabes , kaloύmenoi ᾿Adaῖoi he Aἰdaῖoi) . [ en hoἷs ] ἀp᾽ ἀnatolon toῦ potamoῦ metὰ tὸn Katarrάkten tὸn mikrόn , Hierὰ Sukάminos . . . Filaί (he Fίlai) . . . Metacompso . . . hes ἀntikrὺs ἀpὸ dysmon toῦ potamoῦ Pselcis
Then the 12-Schoinoi (of which, on the east are the Arabs, called Adaiwi, or Aidaiwi). [Within which] on the east of the river after the little cataract, [are the cities] Holy Sucaminos . . . Filai (or Filai) . . . Metacompso . . . across from which on the west of the river [is] Pselcis.)

Hiera Sucaminos - 23.67
Ιερά Συκάμινος
Hiera Sucaminos = Hierla = Shiellah = Shiellal ?
"Holy Co-Labor"

Filai -23.5
Φιλαι (ή Φίλαι) Filai "Bowls/Urns/Shields" Longitude: 61+2/3

Meta-Compso ?

Meta-Compso / Heraficamino? - 23.08
Μετακομψώ = Metacompso = "With manners"
Metacompso (Ptolemy) = Heraficamino (Peutinger) ?
6 from the assumed position of Psel(l)ci(s).
[Positioned here where the black volcanic rock stops, and the plains start.]
=== Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geogrpahy (1854) ===
TACHOMPSO (Ταχομψώ, Hdt. 2.29; Tacompsos, Plin. Nat. 6.29. s. 33; Mela, 1.9.2), a town in the Regio Dodecaschoenus, S. of Aegypt and the Cataracts. It stood upon an island of the Nile, and was inhabited by a mixed colony of Aegyptians and Aethiopians. The Coptic word Tachempsa signifies “the place of many crocodiles.” Tachompso was seated on the E. bank of the river, lat. 23° 12′ N., nearly opposite the town of Pselcis. As Pselcis increased, Tachompso declined, so that it at last was regarded as merely a suburb of that town, and went by the name of Contra-Pselcis. Though supposed by some to have been near the modern village of Conzo in Lower Nubia, it is impossible to reconcile any known locality with the ancient descriptions of this place. Heeren (African Nations, vol. i. pp. 346, 383) supposes it to have been either at the island Kalabshe (Talmis) or 20 miles further S. as Ghyrshe. Herodotus (l.c.) describes the island on which Tachompso stood as a plain contiguous to a vast lake. But neither such a lake nor island now appear in this part of the Nile's course. The lake may have been the result of a temporary inundation, and the island gradually undermined and carried away by the periodical floods.

Meta-Compso / Heraficamino ? - 23.08
Μετακομψώ = Metacompso = "With manners"
Metacompso (Ptolemy) = Heraficamino (Peutinger) ?
Meta-Compso = DeMeta = Dehmit ?
""With manners""
=== Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geogrpahy (1854) ===
TACHOMPSO (Ταχομψώ, Hdt. 2.29; Tacompsos, Plin. Nat. 6.29. s. 33; Mela, 1.9.2), a town in the Regio Dodecaschoenus, S. of Aegypt and the Cataracts. It stood upon an island of the Nile, and was inhabited by a mixed colony of Aegyptians and Aethiopians. The Coptic word Tachempsa signifies “the place of many crocodiles.” Tachompso was seated on the E. bank of the river, lat. 23° 12′ N., nearly opposite the town of Pselcis. As Pselcis increased, Tachompso declined, so that it at last was regarded as merely a suburb of that town, and went by the name of Contra-Pselcis. Though supposed by some to have been near the modern village of Conzo in Lower Nubia, it is impossible to reconcile any known locality with the ancient descriptions of this place. Heeren (African Nations, vol. i. pp. 346, 383) supposes it to have been either at the island Kalabshe (Talmis) or 20 miles further S. as Ghyrshe. Herodotus (l.c.) describes the island on which Tachompso stood as a plain contiguous to a vast lake. But neither such a lake nor island now appear in this part of the Nile's course. The lake may have been the result of a temporary inundation, and the island gradually undermined and carried away by the periodical floods.

Psellis / Pselcis ? - 23.08
ψέλκις = Pselcis
Pselcis (Ptolemy) = Spelci (Peutinger)
42 from Syene
Pselcis / Psellis on some maps.
Psellis = Pserrees = Bereens = Birein ?
"Babble"

Pnoups ? - 22
Πνoύψ
Pnoups
[Sheer guess.]

Berithis / Beretheis ? - 21.5
Βεριθις ή Βερηθείς
Berithis / Beretheis
Beretheis = Fereyg*
* On "Middle_East/Arabia_1843" Rumsey Historical Map, drawn on the East bank, just NE of the island, but just SSE of "Ibsamboul" (Abu Simbel).

Gerbo ? - 21
Γερβώ = Gerbo
Gerbo = Ghalbhah = Halpha = Halfa

Πατέτα ή πάταιτα
Pat(e/ai)ta
Pataita = Qanaitah* = Kanyahte = Kagnarti ?
Classic P-Q switch, as in P-Celtic to Q-Celtic.

Pont(e/y)ris ? - 20
Ποντυρις ή Ποντηρίς
Pont(e/y)ris
"Open sea" ?
Ponteris = Aphenteris = Aphenerits = Habhenarith = Dobenarti ?

Primis mikra ? - 19.5
Πρίμις ή πρήμις μικρά
Primis he premis micra
Primis or premis micra
Mikra = Mogra = Mograkka ?

Arabis

' Αρ(α)βίς ή' Aρβούς
Ar(a)bis or Arbous
Arabis = Karavas = Al-Karafafs = Al-Karafab ?

' Αρ(α)βίς ή' Aρβούς
Ar(a)bis or Arbous
Arabis = Har Abyss = "Mountain of the Abyss" ?
The cornets or just perfect relative to Sandake, to the East:

' Αρ(α)βίς ή' Aρβούς
Ar(a)bis or Arbous
Arabis = Karimis = Karima ?

Arabis = Hap+Araba = Habarab I (2 miles southeast) ?
Ardis = Arduih = Ardwa = Arduan I (1 mile north)?
(Written "Ardis" on one of the maps)

Arabis = Alabes = Al-Balets = Kerma Albeled ?

Arabis = Abaris = Abri ?

Nangata ? - 20.25
Νάπατα (ή Νάγγατα)
Nangata = Hangad = Abu Hamad ?

Sakole -19.5
Σακόλη
Sakole = Sancelep = Sincerap = Singerab ?

Sandake - 18.5

Sandake ? - 18.5
Σανδάκη = Sandake
Sandake = Shah-dhaike = Sharayke = Ash Shurayk ?
Sandake = Shah-dhake = Sharakei = Shereik ?
Latitude: 18+1/2 - This site best fulfills this latitude, relative to the surrounding cities' (Orbadarou and Nakis') latitudes.

Sandake ? - 18.5
Σανδάκη = Sandake
Sandake = Daket = Dacath = Dagash ?

Orbadarou - 18

Orbadarou - 18
'Ορβαδάρου
Orbadarou
Orbadarou = Al-Obaidi ( العبيديه) ?
Orbadarou = Arbadjahr = Albawchach = Albawga ?

Orbadarou - 18
'Ορβαδάρου
Orbadarou

Pr(e/i)mis Megale - 17

Pr(e/i)mis Megale - 17
Πρίμις ή Πρημις μεγάλη
Pr(e/i)mis Megale
Pr(e/i)mis Megale = Mecaleh = An Nikhela ?

Pr(e/i)mis Megale - 17
Πρίμις ή Πρημις μεγάλη
Pr(e/i)mis Megale
Pr(e/i)mis Megale = Mecaleh = Makaylab ?
Latitude: 17 - However, the longitudinal distance between this (62) and Tathis (61), both at latitude 17, forbids a city at this latitude, where there is nothing but desert to the East and West.

Course around Chenoboscia

Sudanese Nile

Dodeca-schoinos

Dodeca-schoinos
Δωδεκάσχοινος
12 schoinoses = 40 to 60 miles

Canal

N Dodeca-schoinos
Δωδεκάσχοινος
Dodeca-schoinos
12 schoinoi = 40 to 60 miles
ἔπειτα Δωδεκάσχοινος, (ἧς ἀπ᾽ ἀνατολῶν εἰσὶν Αραβες , καλούμενοι ᾿Αδαῖοι 25 ἢ Αἰδαῖοι) . [ ἐν οἷς ] ἀπ᾽ ἀνατολῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ μετὰ τὸνΚαταῤῥάκτην τὸν μικρόν , Ἱερὰ Συκάμινος . . . Φιλαί ( ἢ Φίλαι) . . . Μετακομψώ . . . ἧς ἀντικρὺς ἀπὸ δυσμῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ Ψέλκις
epeita Dodekάschoinos, (hes ἀp᾽ ἀnatolon eἰsὶn Arabes , kaloύmenoi ᾿Adaῖoi he Aἰdaῖoi) . [ en hoἷs ] ἀp᾽ ἀnatolon toῦ potamoῦ metὰ tὸn Katarrάkten tὸn mikrόn , Hierὰ Sukάminos . . . Filaί (he Fίlai) . . . Metacompso . . . hes ἀntikrὺs ἀpὸ dysmon toῦ potamoῦ Pselcis
Then the 12-Schoinoi (of which, on the east are the Arabs, called Adaiwi, or Aidaiwi). [Within which] on the east of the river after the little cataract, [are the cities] Holy Sucaminos . . . Filai (or Filai) . . . Metacompso . . . across from which on the west of the river [is] Pselcis.)

S Dodeca-schoinos
Δωδεκάσχοινος
12 schoinoi = 40 to 60 miles
ἔπειτα Δωδεκάσχοινος, (ἧς ἀπ᾽ ἀνατολῶν εἰσὶν Αραβες , καλούμενοι ᾿Αδαῖοι 25 ἢ Αἰδαῖοι) . [ ἐν οἷς ] ἀπ᾽ ἀνατολῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ μετὰ τὸνΚαταῤῥάκτην τὸν μικρόν , Ἱερὰ Συκάμινος . . . Φιλαί ( ἢ Φίλαι) . . . Μετακομψώ . . . ἧς ἀντικρὺς ἀπὸ δυσμῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ Ψέλκις
epeita Dodekάschoinos, (hes ἀp᾽ ἀnatolon eἰsὶn Arabes , kaloύmenoi ᾿Adaῖoi he Aἰdaῖoi) . [ en hoἷs ] ἀp᾽ ἀnatolon toῦ potamoῦ metὰ tὸn Katarrάkten tὸn mikrόn , Hierὰ Sukάminos . . . Filaί (he Fίlai) . . . Metacompso . . . hes ἀntikrὺs ἀpὸ dysmon toῦ potamoῦ Pselcis
Then the 12-Schoinoi (of which, on the east are the Arabs, called Adaiwi, or Aidaiwi). [Within which] on the east of the river after the little cataract, [are the cities] Holy Sucaminos . . . Filai (or Filai) . . . Metacompso . . . across from which on the west of the river [is] Pselcis.)

Tasitia ? - 22
Τασιτία
Tasitia

Βόων (ή Βοών) = Boon
Boon = Buhen
Latitude: 21+2/3 - Wrong location for this stated latitude.

Autoba

Autoba - 21.58
Αυτόβα = Autoba
Apu Tsepo = Au-Tsupaw = Autoba?
Apu Tsepo = Abu Sempul = Abu Simbel ?

Autoba - 21.58
Αυτόβα = Autoba
Autoba = Amada ?

Autoba - 21.58
Αυτόβα = Autoba
Autoba = Au-Tsepa = Aus-Sepwa = Es-Sebwa ?
=== Wikipedia on Wadi es-Sebua ===
The first temple was built by the 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Amenhotep III and subsequently restored by Ramesses II.

Temples

Kalabsha Temple

Temple of Daca
=== Wikipedia on Temple of Dakka ===

Wadi es-Sebua
=== Wikipedia on Temple of Dakka ===

Temple of Amada
=== Wikipedia on Temple of Amada ===

Temple of Derr
=== Wikipedia on Temple of Derr ===

Abu Simbel
Huge sculptures & inscriptions

Phthour(i) - 21.33
Φθουρ ( ή Φθούρι)
Phthour(i) = Pakhoras (below) = Faras ?
=== Wikipedia on The Diocese of Faras ===
The Diocese of Faras was a Christian bishopric in Nobadia during the Middle Ages and is today a titular see of the Coptic Orthodox Church. Its seat was originally at Faras (Pakhoras). Later, its bishops sat at Qasr Ibrim.
Despite Faras's submersion following the building of the Aswan High Dam, the see is still claimed by the Coptic church's Titular Bishop of the Great and Ancient Metropolis of Nubia, who is styled Bishop of Faras of Nobatia. The current ordinary is Bishop Sarapamon (Serapis Amon).
=== Wikipedia on Faras ===
[See map & coordinates] Faras (formerly Ancient Greek: Παχώρας, Pakhôras; Latin: Pachoras; Old Nubian: Ⲡⲁⲭⲱⲣⲁⲥ, Pakhoras[1]) was a major city in Lower Nubia. The site of the city, on the border between modern Egypt and Sudan at Wadi Halfa Salient, was flooded by Lake Nasser in the 1960s and is now permanently underwater.

Pistre - 20.67
Πίστρη = Pistre
Sesostris = Psestris = Pistre ?
Sesostris = Setiu = Djer-Setiu ?
=== Wikipedia on Askut ===
Askut (also known in ancient Egypt as Djer-Setiu) was an ancient Egyptian island fortress in the Middle Kingdom on the Nile, which was built for the purpose of securing the border to Nubia.[1] Since the completion of the Aswan High Dam, the island has been flooded with Lake Nubia.
The fort, about 351 kilometers south of Aswan was built by Sesostris III.

Ptemythis ? - 20.25
Πτεμυθίς = Ptemythis
Ptemythis = Ptem = Btan = Batn-El-Hajar*
* "The Belly of Rocks."
=== Wikipedia on Uronarti ===
The triangular shaped fortress of Uronarti is situated high on a rocky island, where it took advantage of the narrow passage of the Nile River in an area with the modern name Batn-El-Hajar - the Belly of Rocks.

Abou(n)kis 20
'Αβουγκις (ή Αβουνκίς )
Abou(n)kis
Abou(n)kis = Ah-bigeh = Am-biga = Ambikul (below) = Ambigola* ?
* - Adjectival or Diminutive infix
=== Wikipedia on Ambigol ===
Ambigol[1] was a 19th-century settlement on the Nile River in Sudan. Prior to the construction of the Aswan High Dam and Lake Nubia, it was the site of a minor cataract between the Second and Third major ones.[2] It was part of the Hawawir lands.[3] Occasionally also seen as Ambikol, Ambikul, and Umbacall.

Cambysou Tamieia - 18.5
Καμβύσου ταμιεία
Cambysou Tamieia
Cambysou = Candice = Khandaq ?
Tamieia = Nameira = Nimeiri ?
=== Wikipedia on El Khandaq ===
Al-Khandaq is situated about 423 km north of Khartoum on the left bank of the Nile. The town and its environs, Wad Nimeiri, Magasir Island, Kabtod and Hannek-Koya, include houses, palaces, qubbas, cemeteries and khawas of Islamic date.

Erchoas

Erchoas ? - 18
'Ερχόας = Erchoas
Herculeus = El Kholewus = Al Khulaywah ?
Hercules = Erchoas = El Kholwas = Al Khulaywah ?

Erchoas ? - 18
'Ερχόας
Erchoas = Ar-Chorats = Korti ?

Erchoas ? - 18
'Ερχόας
Erchoas = Ar-Gholat = Al Goled ?

Satachtha(i) - 18
Σατάχθαι( ή Σατάχθα)
Satachtha(i)
Satachtha(i) = Sa-Tanchtai = Tangsai = Tangasi Ru Ays?
Longitude: 60+1/2 - Perhaps an "α" is missing, and it should be 61+1/2, which would put it right next to Morou.

Morou

Μόρου
Morou = Merowe
The so-called pyramids of Meroe are 140 miles southeast, at 16° 56′ 0″ N, 33° 43′ 35″ E

Μόρου
Morou = Mura ? (Wrong side of the Nile, unless it migrated)
Longitude: 61+1/2 Latitude: 18+2/3
The so-called pyramids of Meroe are 140 miles southeast, at 16° 56′ 0″ N, 33° 43′ 35″ E

Naki(s) - 19

Naki(s) - 19
Νάκι ( ή Νακίς).
Naki(s)
Ka Necho* = Nakis ?
Ka Necho* = Kanisah ?
* "Pharao Necho's spirit"
Latitude: 19 - This sites best fulfill Latitude 19, relative to the surrounding cities' (Sakole & Orbadarou's) latitudes.

Naki(s) - 19
Νάκι ( ή Νακίς).
Naki(s)
Naki(s) = Hachi = Abu Hashim ?
* "Pharao Necho's spirit"

Νάκι ( ή Νακίς).
Naki(s)
Naki = Sha-Naki = Sham-Khi = Shamkhiya

Tathis - 17

Tathis - 17
Tαθίς
Tathis
Tathis = Dzadeh* = Zeidab ?
Word for Letter "Z," like Hebrew Tsade or Greek Zeta?

Tathis - 17
Tαθίς
Tathis
Tathis = Dzadeh* = Zeidab ?
Word for Letter "Z," like Hebrew Tsade or Greek Zeta?
Latitude: 17 - However, the longitudinal distance between this (62) and Tathis (61), both at latitude 17, forbids a city at this latitude, where there is nothing but desert to the East and West.

Sub-Saharan Africa

Astabora river
[Modern Atbarah river]
Ασταβόρα
=== Lake Coloe ===
είτα καθ ' ή ενούται ο Νείλος ποταμός από τών ρεόντων ποταμών εκ των υποκειμένων δύο λιμνών Τών λίμνών η δυναμικωτέρα
ανατολικωτέρα των λιμνών η Κολόη λίμνη, εξ ης ο 'Αστάπους ποταμός ρεϊ.
"Then, according to which the Nile river intersects 2 rivers flowing out of the underlying 2 lakes: Of the lakes,
the western one;
the eastern one of the lakes is Lake Koloe, from wihch the Astapos river flows.

Astapodos river
[Modern Blue Nile river.]
Αστάποδος / ο 'Αστάπους
Astapodos / Astapous river
Astapodos = Stapod = Stabat = Sabat (modern).
=== Lake Coloe ===
είτα καθ ' ή ενούται ο Νείλος ποταμός από τών ρεόντων ποταμών εκ των υποκειμένων δύο λιμνών Τών λίμνών η δυναμικωτέρα
ανατολικωτέρα των λιμνών η Κολόη λίμνη, εξ ης ο 'Αστάπους ποταμός ρεϊ.
"Then, according to which the Nile river intersects 2 rivers flowing out of the underlying 2 lakes: Of the lakes,
the western one;
the eastern one of the lakes is Lake Koloe, from wihch the Astapos river flows.

Koloe Lake
Κολόη = Koloe = Ka'alakol (modern).
η Κολόη λίμνη, εξ ης ο 'Αστάπους ποταμός ρεϊ
Lake Koloe, out of which the brook Astanous flows.
=== Lake Coloe ===
είτα καθ ' ή ενούται ο Νείλος ποταμός από τών ρεόντων ποταμών εκ των υποκειμένων δύο λιμνών Τών λίμνών η δυναμικωτέρα
ανατολικωτέρα των λιμνών η Κολόη λίμνη, εξ ης ο 'Αστάπους ποταμός ρεϊ.
"Then, according to which the Nile river intersects 2 rivers flowing out of the underlying 2 lakes: Of the lakes,
the western one;
the eastern one of the lakes is Lake Koloe, from wihch the Astapos river flows.
=== Wikipedia on Lake Turkana ===
The Turkana refer to the lake as Anam Ka'alakol, meaning "the sea of many fish". It is from the name Ka'alakol that Kalokol, a town on the western shore of Lake Turkana, east of Lodwar, derives its name.

E. Nile Lake
"Nili Paludes" on the maps.
3.24.Τών λίμνών η δυναμικωτέρα
η ανατολικωτέρα των λιμνών ...
ηΚολόη λίμνη, εξ ης ο 'Αστάπους
Of the [two Nile-source-]lakes, the western [is at coordinates . . . ];
the eastern of the lakes [is at coordinates . . . ];

W. Nile Lake
"Nili Paludes" on the maps.
3.24.Τών λίμνών η δυναμικωτέρα
η ανατολικωτέρα των λιμνών ...
ηΚολόη λίμνη, εξ ης ο 'Αστάπους
Of the [two Nile-source-]lakes, the western [is at coordinates . . . ];
the eastern of the lakes [is at coordinates . . . ];

Rapta river
Ραπτού ποταμού εκβολαι
Mouth of the Rapta river = Great Ruaha River
Rapta = HRaph-tha = HRahtha = Ruaha
Rapta = Hraphtha = Hrapcha = Raphij = Rufiji

Mountains

Elephas Mts.

Elephas Mons
Eloth (1 Kings 9:26) = Eleph = Elephas (Ptolemy) ?
Region described as near to Ezion-Geber, where Solomon built his fleet.
=== Wikipedia on [C]Alula, Somalia===
7 nautical miles (8 miles) west [of [C]Alula] lies Ras Filuk, the likely Cape Elephant (Elephas) of Strabo and the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.

Elephas Mts.
Eloth (1 Kings 9:26) = Eleph = Elephas (Ptolemy) ?
Region described as near to Ezion-Geber, where Solomon built his fleet.
=== Wikipedia on [C]Alula, Somalia===
7 nautical miles (8 miles) west [of [C]Alula] lies Ras Filuk, the likely Cape Elephant (Elephas) of Strabo and the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.

Mt. Garbata

Garbata Mons
από ανατολών δε του Νείλου , τό , τε καλούμενον Γάρβατον (ή Γάρβατα ) όρος, ού το μέσον επέχει μοίρας
From the East of the Nile, the moutnain called "Garbat(a/on)," where the middle faces parts:
Elephas Mons
Πύλαια (Pylei) Mons

Garbata Mts.
από ανατολών δε του Νείλου , τό , τε καλούμενον Γάρβατον (ή Γάρβατα ) όρος, ού το μέσον επέχει μοίρας
From the East of the Nile, the moutnain called "Garbat(a/on)," where the middle faces parts:
Elephas Mons
Πύλαια (Pylei) Mons

Pylai Mts.

Pylai(a) Mts.
παρά δε τάς λίμνας τά τε καλούμενα Πύλαια (ή πύλαι) όρη
Toward the lakes, the moutains called Pylai(a).
πύλη = "Pyle" = gates of the netherworld; so this probably refers to Great Rift Valley volcanoes.

Pylai Mts.
παρά δε τάς λίμνας τά τε καλούμενα Πύλαια (ή πύλαι) όρη
Toward the lakes, the moutains called Pylai(a).
πύλη = "Pyle" = gates of the netherworld; so this probably refers to Great Rift Valley volcanoes.

Masta Mountains

Masta Mts.
η Μάστη το όρος = Masta Mons
[Located here at the 1st choice below. ]
This could also perhaps refer to . . .
Just the mountains south of Lake Koloe/Turkana; construed as drawn there, on Ptolemy's maps, relative to other terrain features.
ANY of the mountains, or just highland, extending from here south to the headwaters of the Rapta river.

Masta Mts.
η Μάστη το όρος = Masta Mons
[Located here at the 2nd choice below. ]
This could also perhaps refer to . . .
Just the mountains south of Lake Koloe/Turkana; construed as drawn there, on Ptolemy's maps, relative to other terrain features.
ANY of the mountains, or just highland, extending from here south to the headwaters of the Rapta river.

Mt. Masta?
η Μάστη το όρος = Masta Mons
[Pin located here at Mt. Marsabit]
This could also perhaps refer to . . .
Just the mountains south of Lake Koloe/Turkana; construed as drawn there, on Ptolemy's maps, relative to other terrain features.
ANY of the mountains, or just highland, extending from here south to the headwaters of the Rapta river.

Mt. Masta?
[Pin located here at Mt. Elgon]

Regions

Troglodytica
και τον Αναλίτης ( ή' Αβαλίτης) κόλπον πα- 25 ράλιος χώρα. Τρωγλοδυτική μέχρι του Ελέφαντος όρους ,
έν ή οί τε 'Aδουλίται,
και οι Αναλίται( ή Αβαλίται ) παρά τους όμω νύμους κόλπους .
Μόσυλοι δε υπέρ το ομώνυμον άκρον και εμ πόριον .
The land which is near the Arabian Bay and the Avalites gulf, along the sea is called Troglodytica as far as the Elephas mountains, in which region are the Adulitae, and the Avalitae near a bay of this name, and the Mosyli above the promontory with a market place of this name. The entire seacoast to the Rhaptum promontory is called Azania; the interior region is called Barbaria, in which there are many elephants.

Azan(i)a

Azan(i)a
Ezion-Geber (1 Kings 9:26) = Ezana = Azan(i)a (Ptolemy) = Axon = Axum = Adzon = Edom (12th c. AD) ?
Ezion-Geber (1 Kings 9:26) = Edzon = Edom (1 Kings 9:26)?
Even today, many Ethiopians have the name Gebre, which means "servant" in their native Ge'ez language.
Η δ' εντεύθεν μέχρι του Ραπτού άκρωτηρίου παράλιος πάσα , Βαρβαρία μεν η παράλιος,
5 ' Αζανία δεη ενδοτέρω, ένη πλείστοι ελέφαντες . Κατά μέρος δε κατέχουσι την μεν απ’ ανατολών του ποτα μού της χώρας μετά το Βάζιον άκρον,
But all the region, from here [Troglodytica] until Raptou Acroterion, is seashore; Barbaria on the one hand is the seashore, but on the other Azania is further inland, in which there are very many elephants. But by part, their indwell the region, first from the east of the region's river, after Badzion promontory, . . .
26 King Solomon built a fleet of ships at E′zion-ge′ber, which is near Eloth on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom.
=== Website ===
The twelfth century Jewish traveler, Benjamin of Tudela, does not mention Kush or the Tribe of Dan, instead he refers to Lubia, which is obviously a misspelling of Nubia. The latter is another medieval name for Kush, or Northern Sudan. He writes about mountainous cities that existed somewhere in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean zone where "there are Israelites and the gentile yoke is not upon them." He then continues to elaborate on these Israelites indicating that they have cities and towers on top of the mountains from which "they go down to the plain-country called Lubia [or Nubia] which is ruled by Edomites [or Christians]".

Azania
Ezion-Geber (1 Kings 9:26) = Ezana = Azan(i)a (Ptolemy) = Axon = Axum = Adzon = Edom (12th c. AD) ?
Ezion-Geber (1 Kings 9:26) = Edzon = Edom (1 Kings 9:26)?
Even today, many Ethiopians have the name Gebre, which means "servant" in their native Ge'ez language.
Η δ' εντεύθεν μέχρι του Ραπτού άκρωτηρίου παράλιος πάσα , Βαρβαρία μεν η παράλιος,
5 ' Αζανία δεη ενδοτέρω, ένη πλείστοι ελέφαντες . Κατά μέρος δε κατέχουσι την μεν απ’ ανατολών του ποτα μού της χώρας μετά το Βάζιον άκρον,
But all the region, from here [Troglodytica] until Raptou Acroterion, is seashore; Barbaria on the one hand is the seashore, but on the other Azania is further inland, in which there are very many elephants. But by part, their indwell the region, first from the east of the region's river, after Badzion promontory, . . .
26 King Solomon built a fleet of ships at E′zion-ge′ber, which is near Eloth on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom.
=== Website ===
The twelfth century Jewish traveler, Benjamin of Tudela, does not mention Kush or the Tribe of Dan, instead he refers to Lubia, which is obviously a misspelling of Nubia. The latter is another medieval name for Kush, or Northern Sudan. He writes about mountainous cities that existed somewhere in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean zone where "there are Israelites and the gentile yoke is not upon them." He then continues to elaborate on these Israelites indicating that they have cities and towers on top of the mountains from which "they go down to the plain-country called Lubia [or Nubia] which is ruled by Edomites [or Christians]".

Barbaria

Barbaria
Even today, many Ethiopians have the name Gebre, which means "servant" in their native Ge'ez language.
Η δ' εντεύθεν μέχρι του Ραπτού άκρωτηρίου παράλιος πάσα , Βαρβαρία μεν η παράλιος,
5 ' Αζανία δεη ενδοτέρω, ένη πλείστοι ελέφαντες . Κατά μέρος δε κατέχουσι την μεν απ’ ανατολών του ποτα μού της χώρας μετά το Βάζιον άκρον,
But all the region, from here [Troglodytica] until Raptou Acroterion, is seashore; Barbaria on the one hand is the seashore, but on the other Azania is further inland, in which there are very many elephants. But by part, their indwell the region, first from the east of the region's river, after Badzion promontory, . . .

Inland

Meroe

Sakolke

Sakolche
[Clan located here where a town called "Shukriya" (not the 3rd one below; another one) is shown on this map. Their modern cities are today 125 miles south-southeast.]
Σακόλχη
Sakolche = Shacala = Shagara (125 miles SSE) ?
Sakolche = Shacala = Shagara = Shajarah (125 miles SSE) ? Sakolche = Shacala = Shacara = Shukria = Shukriya (the people).
=== Wikipedia on Shukria clan ===
They may previously have lived around Merowe[1] but in recent centuries have settled in the Butana region between the Atbara River and the Blue Nile.
=== Wikipedia on El Gadarif ===
According to Holt and Daly, the Shukriya, who were camel-owning nomads and the leading tribe of the southern Butana, were living and ruling the grain-producing rain lands of Gadarif or Qadarif, where a tribal market developed. This place, originally called Suq Abu Sinn (Abu Sinn's Market) took the name Qadarif, anglicized as Gedaref.

Modern Sacholche Tribe
[Clan today located somewhere in this general area. Their ancient cities would've been 125 miles north-northwest.]
Σακόλχη
Sakolche = Shacala = Shagara (Southeast end) ?
Sakolche = Shacala = Shagara = Shajarah (Southeast end) ? Sakolche = Shacala = Shacara = Shukria = Shukriya (East end).
Sakolche = Shucile = Suki (Northwest end) ?
=== Wikipedia on Shukria clan ===
They may previously have lived around Merowe[1] but in recent centuries have settled in the Butana region between the Atbara River and the Blue Nile.
=== Wikipedia on El Gadarif ===
According to Holt and Daly, the Shukriya, who were camel-owning nomads and the leading tribe of the southern Butana, were living and ruling the grain-producing rain lands of Gadarif or Qadarif, where a tribal market developed. This place, originally called Suq Abu Sinn (Abu Sinn's Market) took the name Qadarif, anglicized as Gedaref.

Esser

Esser
Εσήρ ( ή "Έσηρ).
Eser (or Eser)
Esser = Hesherp = Al Heshieb ?

Esser
Εσήρ ( ή "Έσηρ).
Eser (or Eser)
Esher = Esh-shar = Esh Sharafa ?

Εσήρ ( ή "Έσηρ).
Eser (or Eser)
Esser = Hessera = Kassala ?

Daron, or Doron village

D(o/a)ron
Δαρών ή Δώρων κώμη
Daron, or Doron village
Doron = Durnan = Umm Durman ?
[Note the other Umm Durman, just north of Khartoum, where the giant British battle occurred with the Mahdi Amry.]
=== Wikipedia on Omdurman ===
The name Omdurman (Umm Durmān) literally translates as "Mother of Durmān", but who she was or might have been is not known.[

D(o/a)ron
Δαρών ή Δώρων κώμη
Daron, or Doron village
Daron = Dauran = Dayrah (a.k.a. Deira) ?
[See also 20 miles to the southwest . . .
Qudaydim, and
Suffara Ad Dahra, ]

D(o/a)ron
Δαρών ή Δώρων κώμη
Doron = Dorica = Doka ?
[This is the best situated possibility, following the maps; but its name isn't very close to "Doron."]

Doron = Dourion = Ad Douiem ?

Axum

Axum
Αυξούμη = Auxoume = Axum
ή το Αυξούμη, έν ή βασίλειον,
The city Axum, in which is a king.

Auxoumitai
οι Αύξουμϊται
The Auxoumitai

Koloe

Koloe ?
η Κολόη πόλις = Koloe = Ka'alakol (modern).
=== Wikipedia on Lake Turkana ===
The Turkana refer to the lake as Anam Ka'alakol, meaning "the sea of many fish". It is from the name Ka'alakol that Kalokol, a town on the western shore of Lake Turkana, east of Lodwar, derives its name.

Koloe ?
η Κολόη πόλις = Koloe = Coloa Civitas = Kor-oe = Korkoye = Karkoj ?
[This location is more in union with where it is drawn on the maps, far away from Lake Ka'alakol/Turkana, and its eponymous port, in the Wikipedia article below.
Note similar-sounding town, Kaiog, 40 miles NNW.]
=== Wikipedia on Lake Turkana ===
The Turkana refer to the lake as Anam Ka'alakol, meaning "the sea of many fish". It is from the name Ka'alakol that Kalokol, a town on the western shore of Lake Turkana, east of Lodwar, derives its name.

Koloe ?
η Κολόη πόλις = Koloe = Coloa Civitas = Kor-oe = Korkoye = Karkoj ?

Masta Civitas

Masta Civitas
Μάστη πόλις = Masta Civitas = Maasai city ? Mastava = Masaba (1 mile, both north & south) ?
Μάστη πόλις = Masta Civitas = Mastava = Mt. Masaba (The lowest of the 5 peaks of Mt. Elgon.)
[This name could refer to either the Maasai tribe, or the Masaba tribe 65 miles to the southwest.]
=== Wikipedia on Mount Elgon ===
Mt. Elgon consists of five major peaks:
Wagagai (4,321 metres (14,177 ft)), in Uganda
Sudek (4,302 metres (14,114 ft)) on the Kenya/Uganda border
Koitobos (4,222 metres (13,852 ft)), a flat-topped basalt column in Kenya
Mubiyi (4,211 metres (13,816 ft)) in Uganda
Masaba (4,161 metres (13,652 ft)) in Uganda
=== Wikipedia on Masaba people ===
The Masaba people, or Bamasaaba, are a Bantu people inhabiting the eastern Ugandan districts of Sironko, Manafwa, Bududa, Mbale,Namisindwa and Bulambuli. . . .
Earlier [before the arrival of Europeans], when the Maasai were still dominant in the eastern part of Mt. Elgon [65 miles Northeast], they were the traditional hostile neighbours.

Masta Civitas
Μάστη πόλις = Masta Civitas = Mastava = Masaba (1 mile, both north & south) ?
Μάστη πόλις = Masta Civitas = Mastava = Masafu (5 miles northeast) ?
[This name could refer to either the Masaba tribe, or the Maasai tribe.]
=== Wikipedia on Masaba people ===
The Masaba people, or Bamasaaba, are a Bantu people inhabiting the eastern Ugandan districts of Sironko, Manafwa, Bududa, Mbale,Namisindwa and Bulambuli. . . .
Earlier [before the arrival of Europeans], when the Maasai were still dominant in the eastern part of Mt. Elgon [65 miles Northeast], they were the traditional hostile neighbours.

Coast

Prionoton Oros
Πριονωτόν όρος
"Prionoton Oros"
Jagged Mount
=== Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) at the Pereus site ===
BAZIUM (Βάζιον ἄκρον, Ptol. 4.5.8), a pro montory which formed the southern extremity of Foul Bay (Sinus Immundus), and appears to be the modern Ras el Naschef. It was in lat. 24° 5′ N., in the Regio Troglodytica, and was the northernmost projection of Aethiopia Proper on the coast of the Red Sea.

Chersonesus
Χερσόνησος Chersonesus Greek for: "Peninsula"
=== Wikipedia on Berenice Troglodytica ===
A large number of significant finds have been made providing evidence of the cargo from the Malabar Coast and the presence of Tamil people from South India and Jaffna being at this last outpost of the Roman Empire.

Mnemeion Akron ?
Μνημείον άκρον
Mnemeion Akron
"High tomb."

Ision Oros
Ίσιον όρος
Mt. Isis-ish
Lighter color mountains seem more feminine.

Bathus Limen
Βαθύς λιμήν
Low [Tide?] Port

Dioskoron Limen
Διοσκόρων λιμήν
"Port of the Twins."
Perhaps it refers to 2 lobes of the harbor?

Tabienoi ?
Ταβιηνοί
Tabienoi
However, notice that the tribe seemingly moved 375 miles south, to the road west of Ptolemais and Euangelon Limen, where the following 4 placenames are located:
Tabienoi = Ta-Phieni = Heini = Ehna?
Tabienoi = Ta-Phieni = Heinyi = Haiya?
Tabienoi = [Shiy+] Dabi = Shidyab (14 miles west of the above) ?
Tabienoi = [Shiy+] Tabi = Siyeteb (45 miles west of the above ) ?
This would also put them closer to the Sabaeans, with whom they are often associated (see below).
Κολοβοί (ή κόλβοι),
μεθ' ούς πρός μεσημβρίαν Ταβιηνοί.
". . . the Kol(o)boi, with whom, to the south, are the Tabienoi . . . "
=== Wikipedia on Sabaeans ===
Sabaeans are mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible. In the Quran,[13] they are described as either Sabaʾ (سبأ, not to be confused with Ṣābiʾ, صابئ),[3][4] or as the people of Tubbaʿ (Arabic: قَـوْم تُـبَّـع, romanized: Qawm Tubbaʿ).[14][15]

Demetros Skopias Akra
Δήμητρος σκοπιάς ( ή σκοπιάς) άκρα
Demeter's high lookout-tower (Greek), or Reef (Latin).
But Greek "lookout tower" makes more sense, because of the other Greek words in the sentence, and because of the domain ascribed to Demeter being on land (and looking over all these potential fields), rather than in the ocean.

Aspis Akra

Aspis Akra
'Ασπίς άκρα
Aspis = As Shpis = Al Haps = Al Hasa ?
Apiru (see below) = Apiroi (see below) = Aspis ?
High shield/cobra
Perhaps a shield in the shape of this peninsula.
May be related to the people listed in this area named Αττιροι ή' Απιροί (Attiroy or Apiroi), who may be the "Apiru" listed in the Amarnah letters, as invaders of the holyland, at the time of the Exodus..

S(i/yr)rtibeis
Σιρτιβείς ( ή Συρτιβείς)
S(i/yr)rtibeis = Sheltabeim = Shalatayn ?

Apiroi ?
Αττιροι ή'Απιροί,
A(p/tt)iroi
είτα Σιρτιβείς ( ή Συρτιβείς),
μεθ' ούς Αττιροι ή'Απιροί, οι
". . . then the S(i/y)rtibeis,
with whom are the A(p/tt)iroi . . . "
"Aspis Akra" (nearby pin) may be related to the people listed in this area named Αττιροι ή' Απιροί (Attiroy or Apiroi), who may be the "Apiru" ("Hebrews"?) listed in the Amarnah letters (EA271), as invaders of the holyland, at the time of the Hebrew Exodus. Alternatively, they may be just a widely-diffuse class of "rebels, outlaws, raiders, mercenaries, bowmen, servants, slaves, and laborers".

Diogenous Akron
Διογένους άκρον
Diogenous Akron =
Diogenous = Dungunab ?
"Divinely born height"

Saturon Oron
Σατύρων όρος
Mount of the Satyrs.
These are the first peaks after the plain north of here, so the first peak-mentioning placename ("όρος"), after that long string of mere "heights" ("Ακρα") in Ptolemy's list, would probably be here.

Monodaktylon Oros

Monodaktylon Oros ?
Μονοδάκτυλον όρος
Monodaktylon Oros
1-Finger/Phalanx/Toe Mountain

Gauron Oros ?

Gauron Oros ?
Γαύρον όρος
Gauron Oros = Angarosh ?
Gauron Oros = Magarsam ?
"Haughty/Splendid Mountain"

Theon Soteron Limen ?
Θεών σωτήρων λιμήν
Theon Soteron Limen
Port of the Saving Gods

Euangelon Limen

Euangelon Limen
Ευαγγέλων λιμήν
Euangelon = Hauankim* = Sauakin (attested) = Suakin ?
"Port of Good Angels"
* - Case-ending changed from Genitive plural, to Nominative plural.

Road to Ptolemais

Ptolemais Ther[i]on
Πτολεμαΐς Θηρών
Ptolemais Theron
"Summer Ptolemais" ?
Probably should be "Therion",
"Ptolemais of the Beasts"
Ptolemais = Tolemeia = Tohamiyam ?
The city is indented in the original text suggesting that it's not on the coastline.
=== Website on Ancient Suakin ===
In this period, Suakin has been identified with Limen Evangelis, Ptolemy's Port of Good Hope [Me: No, that's the port further North]. The port is described as lying partly on a circular island, roughly a kilometer and a half (one mile) in circumference, at the end of a long inlet. The countryside supported substantial numbers of wild animals including elephants, which were captured by the Ptolemies for military use. The sight of these behemoths being loaded on board ships at Suakin must have prompted much excitement and apprehension among the townspeople.

Sebast(r)ikone stoma
Σεβαστ(ρ)ικόνή στόμα
Augustan Mouth
Sebast(r)ikone = Sebas + Trinkonet = Trinkitat ?

Megas Aigialos
Μέγας αιγιαλός
"Big Beach."
Megas Aigialos = Aqiq Kabir = Agig
Aigialos = Ag-gial = Agigalos = Agig = Aqiq
(In Arabic, "Big" is "Kabir")
The surrounding sound/bay must've been absent, formerly.

Bomos Erotos Akron
Βωμός Ερωτος άκρον
Bomos Erotos akron
High altar of Eros.
[Situated here, because described on some maps, as a Promontory, NORTH (!) of Megas Aigialos (Great Beach).]
(Seems to be a phallic reference, based on the top-down shape.)

Mt. Kolobos (mutilated)

Mt. Kolobos
Κολοβός ( ή Κολοβών ) όρος, άκρον
Kolobos oros akron
"High mutilated peak," has the look of a volcanic pluton, or even caldera.
Kolobos = Cholop = Gheleb
Strangely, Ptolemy separates this peak far away from the nearly identical-sounding tribe of the "Kol(o)boi," at Bazion promontory, 600 miles to the north

Mt. Kolobos
Κολοβός ( ή Κολοβών ) όρος, άκρον
Kolobos oros akron
"High mutilated peak."
Kolobos = Cholop = Gheleb
Kolobos = Cholpop = Gulbub

Kol(o)boi
Κολοβοί (ή κόλβοι),
μεθ' ούς πρός μεσημβρίαν Ταβιηνοί.
". . . the Kol(o)boi, with whom, to the south, are the Tabienoi . . . "
Strangely, Ptolemy separates this tribe far away from the nearly identical-sounding Mt. "Kolobos," at the start of the Ethiopian plateau, 600 miles to the south

Sabat(a)

Sabat(a)
Σαβάτ (ή Σάββατα) πόλις.
Sabat(a) city. = Sh'eb/Mensheb ?
Sabat(a) city. = Shibah ?
Biblical S(h)eba ?

Saba ?
Saba = Sabha = Saphara = Safira ? Saba = Sowera = Mt. Soira (11 Mi. to the southeast)?
[This could perhaps be the same nation, or ancestral heartland of Sheba/Saba, nearer to the coast. Its location here would explain why the Σαβορ(ί)δαι ή Σοβoρίδες) (Sabor(i)dai or Soborides) people are listed as further down the coast than the Axum people, since that statement would be true for here, which is potentially construe boys further than the city of Axum; but subject statement would not be true for the other Saba, to the north, which definitely isn't.]
=== Wikipedia on Qohaito ===
It was a pre-Aksumite settlement that thrived during the Aksumite period.

Sabor(i)dai
Σαβορ(ί)δαι ή Σοβoρίδες)
Sabor(i)dai or Soborides
Saboridai = S(h)ebaites/Sabaeans/Sabieni (See Sabat(a) pins.) ?

Saba ?
Saba = Sheib ?

Oreine Peninsula
Ορεινή Χερσόνησος
Peninsula of Oreine = Horena ?
Peninsula of Oreine = Faraon (3 miles north) ?
Peninsula of Oreine = More (7 miles north) ?

Adoule(s)

Adoule(s)
'Aδουλές ή ' Αδούλη
Adoules or Adoule = [Foro] Zula ?
[See excavations photo.]

Adoule(s)
'Aδουλές ή ' Αδούλη
Adoules or Adoule = Dule (9 miles north) ?
Adoules or Adoule = Doleh (7 miles north) ?
Adoules or Adoule = Bardoli (5 & 7 miles south) ?

Krouou Acroterion
Κρούου ακρωτήριον
Perhaps should be Chrysou Acroterion? ("Highest of Gold")?

Trogloodytica
Τρωγλοδυτική
"Cave-dweller-land"
Καλείται δε καθόλου ή μέν παρά τον 'Αραβικός και τον Αναλίτης ( ή' Αβαλίτης) κόλπον πα- 25 ράλιος χώρα. Τρωγλοδυτική μέχρι του Ελέφαντος όρους ,
έν ή οί τε 'Aδουλίται,
και οι Αναλίται( ή Αβαλίται ) παρά τους όμω νύμους κόλπους .
But the entire coastal-region beside the Arabian and Abualitan Gulf, until Mt. Elephantine, is called Troglodytica.
In here, are they Abualites, next to the Gulf of the same name.
είτα Σαβορ(ί)δαι (ή Σοβoρίδες),
8. 30. είτα Μολίβαι,
και Μεγάβραδοι ή Μεγάβαρδοι ,
και Νούμαι, δυσμικώτεροιτων Αυαλιτών:
5. 31. είτα υπό τους Μολίβας Βλέμμυες ,
υφ ούς Δηδάκαι (ή Διδά(σ)και).
then the Sabor(i)dai (or Soborides);
30. Then the Molibai and Megabradoi or Megabardry;
and Noubai, westest of the Ayalitdis;
31. then, under the Molibai, the Blemmues;
under whom are the Dedakai (or the Dida(s)kai).

Molibai
Μολίβαι
Molibai = Morae = More ?
Molibai = Bolivali = Boleli (40 miles southwest) ?
Sabor(i)dai or Soborides
Saboridai = S(h)ebaites/Sabaeans/Sabieni (See Sabat(a) pins.) ?

Mega-B(ar/ra)doi
Μεγάβραδοι ή Μεγάβαρδοι
Mega-Bardoi = Μακροβίοι = Macrobians
Mega-Bradoi = Mergabratae = Mergablata = Mergebla (10 miles east) ?
Mega-Bardoi = Μακροβίοι = Macrobici = Meka'ika (10 miles northeast) ?
Mega-Bradoi = Meghibdadi = Ghibdadi = Ghibdo (10 miles south) ?
=== Wikipedia on Macrobians ===
The Macrobians (Μακροβίοι) were a legendary people and kingdom positioned in the Horn of Africa mentioned by Herodotus. Later authors (so Pliny on the authority of Ctesias' Indika) place them in India instead. It is one of the legendary peoples postulated at the extremity of the known world (from the perspective of the Greeks), in this case in the extreme south, contrasting with the Hyperboreans in the extreme east. Their name is due to their legendary longevity, an average person supposedly living to the age of 120.[27] They were said to be the "tallest and handsomest of all men".

Antioch's harbor

Antioch's harbor ?
Αντιόχου λιμήν
Antioch's harbor
[Placed here only because there's a harbor.]

Mandaith
Μανδαϊθ ή Μανδαήθ κώμη.
Mandaith = Ran(?)-dhaithe = Rad-haituh = Rehayto.
Mandaith = Mandaiph = Mandab (Name of the straits.)

Arsinoe

'Αρσινόη = Arsinoe = Ras Sinyeh = Ras Siyyeh = Ras Siyyan ?
[Note the high lookout hill.]
=== Wikipedia on Assab ===
Assab is about 50 km [should be miles] NW of the ancient city of Arsinoe Epidires. [Me: Epidires clearly means "upon De(i)re, its neighbor city.]

Arsinoe ?
'Αρσινόη = Arsinoe = Assinawuh = Assava = Assab (here) ?
'Αρσινόη = Arsinoe = Harsiloe = Harsile (10 miles south) ?

De(i)re city on the heights

De(i)re city on the heights
Δήρη (ή Δείρη) πόλις έν άκρα
Deire = Adeira = Hadoura = Godorya (height, next to inlet, 5 miles north of golf)
Deire = Adeira = Tadjoura (city & gulf) ?

A(b/u)alites Emporion

A(b/u)alites Emporio n
'Αβαλίτης ή Αναλίτης εμπόριού
A(b/u)alites = Awdal (attested) = Bawdala = Balbala
αὐαλέος means "dry, parched, withered"
=== Wikipedia on Djibouti ===
Kingdom of Adal (900–1285)
The Kingdom of Adal (also Awdal, Adl, or Adel)[30] was centered around Zeila, its capital.[31][32][33]

Ezion Geber?
Ezion Geber, where Solomon built his fleet (1 Kings 9)
Ezion = Aziana = Azana (*) ?
Geber = Jebre = Djibouri = Djibouti ?
Geber = Jebre = Djibouri = TaDjiboura = Tadjoura ?
* - The whole region of the East Coast of Africa.
26 King Solomon built a fleet of ships at E′zion-ge′ber, which is near Eloth on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom. [Whoops, no, that's probably a later scribal interpolation, wrongly assuming that the land of "Edzion" (Azana) is the same as the land of "Edom."]

A(b/u)alites
[A mega-group, comprising smaller nations.]
'Αβαλίτης ή Αναλίτης εμπόριού
A(b/u)alites emporion
"Market of the Avalites"
. . . και Νούβαι, δυσμικώτεροι των Αναλίτών:
. . . kai Noubai, dysmikoteroi ton Avaliton
". . . and the Nubians, West-most of the Avalites"
Καλείται δε καθόλου ή μέν παρά τον 'Αραβικός και τον Αναλίτης ( ή' Αβαλίτης) κόλπον πα- 25 ράλιος χώρα. Τρωγλοδυτική μέχρι του Ελέφαντος όρους ,
έν ή οί τε 'Aδουλίται, και οι Αναλίται( ή Αβαλίται ) παρά τους όμω νύμους κόλπους .
A(b/u)alites = Awdal (attested) = Bawdala = Balbala
αὐαλέος means "dry, parched, withered"
=== Wikipedia on Djibouti ===
Kingdom of Adal (900–1285)
The Kingdom of Adal (also Awdal, Adl, or Adel)[30] was centered around Zeila, its capital.[31][32][33]

Mal(ao/eos) Emp.

Mal(ao/eos) Emp.
Μαλαώ (ή Μάλεώς) εμπόριον

Mo(u)ndou Emp.
Μούνδου (ή Μόνδου) εμπόριον
Moundou = Maydhou = Maydh

Mosulon akron & Emp.
Μόσυλον άκρον και εμπόριον
Mosulon height & Emp. = Mozjulan = Moj-yoelan =Majiyohan
=== Wikipedia on Majiyohan ===
It is a center for mining and is noted for its mineral resources.
=== Wikipedia on nearby El Ayo, modern coastal Ceelaayo ===
About one mile from the town are the ruins of an old city, which are held to have belonged to an earlier civilization which resided in the region. Between El Ayo and Las Khorey lies Karinhegane, the site of numerous cave paintings of real and mythical animals. Each painting has an inscription below it, which collectively have been estimated to be around 2,500 years old.[2][3] Around 25 miles from Las Khorey lies Gelweita, another key rock art site.[3] Karinhegane's rock art is in the same distinctive style as the Laas Geel cave paintings.[4]

Kobe Emp.

Kobe Emp.
Κοβή εμπόριον
Kobe Emp. = Korvey = Las Khorey (attested) = Laasqoray ?

Karinhegane
=== Wikipedia on Karinhegane ===
It is the site of numerous cave paintings of real and mythical animals. Each painting has an inscription below it, which collectively have been estimated to be around 2,500 years old.[1][2]

Ak(k)a(n)nai Emp.
Ακκάναι (ή Ακάνναι) εμπόριον Ak(k)a(n)nai Emp.
Or Kana Emp. on Brown Caligraphy map
=== Wikipedia on [C]Alula, Somalia===
Adjacent to Alula is a shallow lagoon lined by mangrove bushes, which appears to correspond with the "large laurel-grove called Acannae" also described by the Periplus.[2]

Aromata akron & Emp.
Αρώματα άκρον και εμπόριον

Panon Kome
Πανών κώμη
Panon kome ("village of cakes/torches" maybe suggests lighthouses?)
or Pano villa (on the Brown Caligraphy map)

Opone Emp.
Οπώνη εμπόριον
Opone Emp. = Haphon= Hafun (attested) = Xaafuun (attested)

Zingis(a)
Ζίγγις (ή Ζήγγισα) άκρα
Zingis(a) = Ad-jind-GISHa = Ahd-ja-dhisha = Mogadishu

Mt. Falangis
Φαλαγγίς όρος
Falangis oros

Apokop(on/a)
Απόκοπον ή 'Απόκοπα
Apokopona = Mapekephoni = Mapekethoni = Mpeketoni ?

Notou Keras Akron

Notou Keras Akron
Νότου κέρας άκρον
("High Horn of the South" - First possible height, when the coast was closer.)

Notou Keras Akron
Νότου κέρας άκρον
("High Horn of the South" - Second possible height.)

Megas Aigialos
Μέγας αιγιαλός
Megas aigialos ("Big beach") Pwani = Beach in Swahili
Maior = Bigger, in Latin.
Maior-Pwani = Majoreni ?
Mega-Pwani = Meja-rani = Majoreni ?
[This site is better than the other because it is south of the first possible High Points, site of Notou Keras Akrou ]

Mikros Aigialos
Μικρός αιγιαλός
Mikros Aigialos ("Little beach")
Pwani = Beach in Swahili
Micron+Pwani = Mitsrom-Pweni = Msambweni
[This site is better than the other because it is south of the first possible High Points, site of Notou Keras Akrou ]

Essina emp. ?
Εσσινά εμπόριον
Essina emp. = Wasini ?

Sarapion port & height ?
Σαραπίωνος (ή Σεραπίωνος) όρμος και άκρα
Sarapionos (or Serapionos height
The port would be Moa.

Apokop(on/a)
Απόκοπον ή 'Απόκοπα
Apokopon = Apo Kampon = Kambon = Ras Kamboni ?

Νότου κέρας άκρον
(Southern High Horn)

Megas Aigialos
Μέγας αιγιαλός
Megas aigialos ("Big beach") = Megas = Midas ?
(Just guessing here that the sandbar-spit blocking the sound is much longer here, than the similar one, to the north, which I therefore guessed to be Micros Aigialos.)
Next to it, at Gede are the 11th-century Ruins of Gedi.
The great beach would be the huge (tidal?) flats behind it named Arabuko Sokoke National Reservej.

Mikros Aigialos
Μικρός αιγιαλός
Mikros Aigialos ("Little beach") = Michra = Maha = Mahasini (below) ?
(Just guessing here that the sandbar-spit blocking the sound is much shorter here, than the similar one, to the south, which I therefore guessed to be Megas Aigialos.)
=== Wikipedia on Lamu ===
The town was first attested in writing by an Arab traveller Abu-al-Mahasini,

Essina emp.
Εσσινά εμπόριον
Essina emp. = Wasini ?

Sarapion port & height ?
Σαραπίωνος (ή Σεραπίωνος) όρμος και άκρα
Sarapionos (or Serapionos height
See also the other Serapion possibility in Folder #1

Tonike Emp.
Τονίκη ή εμπόριον .
Tonike Emp. = Tonga ?

Rapta Barbarian metropolis
Ραπτά μητρόπολις της Βαρβαρίας
=== Archaeology Article on Rhapta discovery ===
Tanzania has applied to have the Rhapta ruins recognised as a World Heritage Site.
Prof Hamisi Malebo, the executive secretary of Tanzania National Commission said they had requested Unesco to recognise the submerged ruins of the ancient lost city, recently discovered by archeologists who believe it to be the ancient lost city of Rhapta. The installation in Tanzania’s southern coast are 10 km off Mafia Island.

Rapta Promontory
Ραπτον άκρον
High Rapta

Red Sea Tribes
5 ' Αζανία δεη ενδοτέρω, ένη πλείστοι ελέφαντες . Κατά μέρος δε κατέχουσι την μεν απ’ ανατολών του ποτα μού της χώρας μετά το Βάζιον άκρον, και δ επέχει μοίρας . .
Κολοβοί (ή κόλβοι),
μεθ' ούς πρός μεσημβρίαν Ταβιηνοί.
8. 29. είτα Σιρτιβείς ( ή Συρτιβείς),
μεθ' ούς Αττιροι ή'Απιροί,
οι (*) είτα Βαβυλλήνιοι ή Βαβυλλίνιοι,
και Ριζοφάγοι ,
μεθ ' ούς οι Αύξουμϊται
But by part, there inhabit the country of the region beyond Bazion Acron, which has the parts:
Koloboi (or Kolboi); with whom to the south are the Tabienoi; then the Sirtibeis (or Syrtibeis), with whom are the Attiroi, or the Apiroi, then the Babyllenioi, or the Babyllinioi; and Rizofagoi; with whom are the Auxoumitai;